Interference-Free Determination of Trace Copper in Freshly Ripened Honeys by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Following a Preconcentration by Solid-Phase Extraction and a Two-Step Elution Process

A fast and straightforward procedure aimed at separating copper (Cu) ions from monosacharides and preconcentrating their traces before flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) measurements was developed, and its suitability was evaluated by the analysis of freshly ripened honeys on the content of this environmentally and physiologically relevant element. This procedure included the passage (at 20 mL/min) of 10 % (m/v) solutions of honeys (100 mL) through resin beds of Dowex 50 W × 8-400 to retain Cu by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and separate it from the glucose and fructose matrix. In turn, SPE columns were rinsed at 20 mL/min with 20 mL of water and subsequently washed with 20 mL of a 0.5 mol/L HNO(3) solution (at 2.0 mL/min) to elute potassium and sodium. Preconcentrated Cu was stripped (at 2.0 mL/min) with 5.0 mL of a 2.0 mol/L HCl solution and determined by FAAS. The proposed procedure was used for the analysis of six ripened monoflower and multiflower honeys, enabling the measurement of Cu within the range of 0.17–0.42 μg/g and with a precision of 3–10 %. Recoveries of Cu added to respective honey solutions were within 94–102 %, proving the good accuracy of this procedure. The detection limit of Cu achieved with this SPE preconcentration/separation procedure and FAAS detection was 3.6 ng/g.