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Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder
The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of lithium treated euthymic bipolar patients in tests measuring spatial working memory (SWM), planning, and verbal fluency and to delineate the influence of gender on cognitive functioning. Fifty-nine euthymic bipolar patients, treated...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24616627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/418432 |
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author | Suwalska, Aleksandra Łojko, Dorota |
author_facet | Suwalska, Aleksandra Łojko, Dorota |
author_sort | Suwalska, Aleksandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of lithium treated euthymic bipolar patients in tests measuring spatial working memory (SWM), planning, and verbal fluency and to delineate the influence of gender on cognitive functioning. Fifty-nine euthymic bipolar patients, treated with lithium carbonate for at least 5 yr, were studied. Patients and controls underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Bipolar patients had significantly worse results than the healthy controls in the spatial memory and planning as well as verbal fluency tests. We detected a gender-related imbalance in the SWM results. Deficits in SWM were observed in male-only comparisons but not in female-only comparisons. The SWM scores were significantly poorer in male patients than in male controls. In female-only comparisons, female patients did not have significantly poorer SWM results in any category than their controls. Bipolar women scored worse in some other tests. The present study points to the different patterns of neuropsychological disturbances in female and male patients and suggests that sex-dependent differences should be taken into account in order to tailor the therapeutic intervention aimed at the improvement of cognitive functions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3926268 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39262682014-03-10 Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder Suwalska, Aleksandra Łojko, Dorota ScientificWorldJournal Research Article The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of lithium treated euthymic bipolar patients in tests measuring spatial working memory (SWM), planning, and verbal fluency and to delineate the influence of gender on cognitive functioning. Fifty-nine euthymic bipolar patients, treated with lithium carbonate for at least 5 yr, were studied. Patients and controls underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Bipolar patients had significantly worse results than the healthy controls in the spatial memory and planning as well as verbal fluency tests. We detected a gender-related imbalance in the SWM results. Deficits in SWM were observed in male-only comparisons but not in female-only comparisons. The SWM scores were significantly poorer in male patients than in male controls. In female-only comparisons, female patients did not have significantly poorer SWM results in any category than their controls. Bipolar women scored worse in some other tests. The present study points to the different patterns of neuropsychological disturbances in female and male patients and suggests that sex-dependent differences should be taken into account in order to tailor the therapeutic intervention aimed at the improvement of cognitive functions. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3926268/ /pubmed/24616627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/418432 Text en Copyright © 2014 A. Suwalska and D. Łojko. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Suwalska, Aleksandra Łojko, Dorota Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder |
title | Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder |
title_full | Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder |
title_fullStr | Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder |
title_short | Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder |
title_sort | sex dependence of cognitive functions in bipolar disorder |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24616627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/418432 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT suwalskaaleksandra sexdependenceofcognitivefunctionsinbipolardisorder AT łojkodorota sexdependenceofcognitivefunctionsinbipolardisorder |