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Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities
Land transformation (ha of surface disturbance/MW) associated with wind facilities shows wide variation in its reported values. In addition, no studies have attempted to explain the variation across facilities. We digitized land transformation at 39 wind facilities using high resolution aerial image...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3928332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088914 |
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author | Diffendorfer, Jay E. Compton, Roger W. |
author_facet | Diffendorfer, Jay E. Compton, Roger W. |
author_sort | Diffendorfer, Jay E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Land transformation (ha of surface disturbance/MW) associated with wind facilities shows wide variation in its reported values. In addition, no studies have attempted to explain the variation across facilities. We digitized land transformation at 39 wind facilities using high resolution aerial imagery. We then modeled the effects of turbine size, configuration, land cover, and topography on the levels of land transformation at three spatial scales. The scales included strings (turbines with intervening roads only), sites (strings with roads connecting them, buried cables and other infrastructure), and entire facilities (sites and the roads or transmission lines connecting them to existing infrastructure). An information theoretic modeling approach indicated land cover and topography were well-supported variables affecting land transformation, but not turbine size or configuration. Tilled landscapes, despite larger distances between turbines, had lower average land transformation, while facilities in forested landscapes generally had the highest land transformation. At site and string scales, flat topographies had the lowest land transformation, while facilities on mesas had the largest. The results indicate the landscape in which the facilities are placed affects the levels of land transformation associated with wind energy. This creates opportunities for optimizing wind energy production while minimizing land cover change. In addition, the results indicate forecasting the impacts of wind energy on land transformation should include the geographic variables affecting land transformation reported here. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3928332 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39283322014-02-20 Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities Diffendorfer, Jay E. Compton, Roger W. PLoS One Research Article Land transformation (ha of surface disturbance/MW) associated with wind facilities shows wide variation in its reported values. In addition, no studies have attempted to explain the variation across facilities. We digitized land transformation at 39 wind facilities using high resolution aerial imagery. We then modeled the effects of turbine size, configuration, land cover, and topography on the levels of land transformation at three spatial scales. The scales included strings (turbines with intervening roads only), sites (strings with roads connecting them, buried cables and other infrastructure), and entire facilities (sites and the roads or transmission lines connecting them to existing infrastructure). An information theoretic modeling approach indicated land cover and topography were well-supported variables affecting land transformation, but not turbine size or configuration. Tilled landscapes, despite larger distances between turbines, had lower average land transformation, while facilities in forested landscapes generally had the highest land transformation. At site and string scales, flat topographies had the lowest land transformation, while facilities on mesas had the largest. The results indicate the landscape in which the facilities are placed affects the levels of land transformation associated with wind energy. This creates opportunities for optimizing wind energy production while minimizing land cover change. In addition, the results indicate forecasting the impacts of wind energy on land transformation should include the geographic variables affecting land transformation reported here. Public Library of Science 2014-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3928332/ /pubmed/24558449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088914 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Diffendorfer, Jay E. Compton, Roger W. Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities |
title | Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities |
title_full | Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities |
title_fullStr | Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities |
title_full_unstemmed | Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities |
title_short | Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities |
title_sort | land cover and topography affect the land transformation caused by wind facilities |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3928332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088914 |
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