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Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’?
This study investigated the change in sex differences across years in ultra-distance swimming performances at the 36-km ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’ race held from 1954 to 2013. Changes in swimming performance of 662 men and 228 women over the 59-year period were investigated using linear, non-...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-86 |
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author | Rüst, Christoph Alexander Lepers, Romuald Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat |
author_facet | Rüst, Christoph Alexander Lepers, Romuald Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat |
author_sort | Rüst, Christoph Alexander |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study investigated the change in sex differences across years in ultra-distance swimming performances at the 36-km ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’ race held from 1954 to 2013. Changes in swimming performance of 662 men and 228 women over the 59-year period were investigated using linear, non-linear and hierarchical regression analyses. Race times of the annual fastest swimmers decreased linearly for women from 731 min to 391 min (r(2) = 0.60, p < 0.0001) and for men from 600 min to 373 min (r(2) = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Race times of the annual top three swimmers decreased linearly between 1963 and 2013 for women from 736.8 ± 78.4 min to 396.6 ± 4.5 min (r(2) = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and for men from 627.1 ± 34.5 min to 374.1 ± 0.3 min (r(2) = 0.42, p < 0.0001). The sex difference in performance for the annual fastest decreased linearly from 39.2% (1955) to 4.7% (2013) (r(2) = 0.33, p < 0.0001). For the annual three fastest competitors, the sex difference in performance decreased linearly from 38.2 ± 14.0% (1963) to 6.0 ± 1.0% (2013) (r(2) = 0.43, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, ultra-distance swimmers improved their performance at the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’ over the last ~60 years and the fastest women reduced the gap with the fastest men linearly from ~40% to ~5-6%. The linear change in both race times and sex differences may suggest that women will be able to achieve men’s performance or even to outperform men in the near future in an open-water ultra-distance swimming event such as the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3930800 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39308002014-02-25 Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’? Rüst, Christoph Alexander Lepers, Romuald Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat Springerplus Research This study investigated the change in sex differences across years in ultra-distance swimming performances at the 36-km ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’ race held from 1954 to 2013. Changes in swimming performance of 662 men and 228 women over the 59-year period were investigated using linear, non-linear and hierarchical regression analyses. Race times of the annual fastest swimmers decreased linearly for women from 731 min to 391 min (r(2) = 0.60, p < 0.0001) and for men from 600 min to 373 min (r(2) = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Race times of the annual top three swimmers decreased linearly between 1963 and 2013 for women from 736.8 ± 78.4 min to 396.6 ± 4.5 min (r(2) = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and for men from 627.1 ± 34.5 min to 374.1 ± 0.3 min (r(2) = 0.42, p < 0.0001). The sex difference in performance for the annual fastest decreased linearly from 39.2% (1955) to 4.7% (2013) (r(2) = 0.33, p < 0.0001). For the annual three fastest competitors, the sex difference in performance decreased linearly from 38.2 ± 14.0% (1963) to 6.0 ± 1.0% (2013) (r(2) = 0.43, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, ultra-distance swimmers improved their performance at the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’ over the last ~60 years and the fastest women reduced the gap with the fastest men linearly from ~40% to ~5-6%. The linear change in both race times and sex differences may suggest that women will be able to achieve men’s performance or even to outperform men in the near future in an open-water ultra-distance swimming event such as the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’. Springer International Publishing 2014-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3930800/ /pubmed/24570854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-86 Text en © Rüst et al.; licensee Springer. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Rüst, Christoph Alexander Lepers, Romuald Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’? |
title | Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’? |
title_full | Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’? |
title_fullStr | Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’? |
title_full_unstemmed | Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’? |
title_short | Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’? |
title_sort | will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘maratona del golfo capri-napoli’? |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-86 |
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