Effect of Elevated CO(2), O(3), and UV Radiation on Soils

In this work, we have attempted to review the current knowledge on the impact of elevated CO(2), O(3), and UV on soils. Elevated CO(2) increases labile and stabile soil C pool as well as efficiency of organic pollutants rhizoremediation and phytoextraction of heavy metals. Conversely, both elevated O(3) and UV radiation decrease inputs of assimilates to the rhizosphere being accompanied by inhibitory effects on decomposition processes, rhizoremediation, and heavy metals phytoextraction efficiency. Contrary to elevated CO(2), O(3), or UV-B decreases soil microbial biomass, metabolisable C, and soil N(t) content leading to higher C/N of soil organic matter. Elevated UV-B radiation shifts soil microbial community and decreases populations of soil meso- and macrofauna via direct effect rather than by induced changes of litter quality and root exudation as in case of elevated CO(2) or O(3). CO(2) enrichment or increased UV-B is hypothesised to stimulate or inhibit both plant and microbial competitiveness for soluble soil N, respectively, whereas O(3) favours only microbial competitive efficiency. Understanding the consequences of elevated CO(2), O(3), and UV radiation for soils, especially those related to fertility, phytotoxins inputs, elements cycling, plant-microbe interactions, and decontamination of polluted sites, presents a knowledge gap for future research.