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Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques
Monkeys readily learn to discriminate between rewarded and unrewarded items or actions by observing their conspecifics. However, they do not systematically learn from humans. Understanding what makes human-to-monkey transmission of knowledge work or fail could help identify mediators and moderators...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3933687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24587063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089825 |
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author | Monfardini, Elisabetta Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila Meunier, Martine |
author_facet | Monfardini, Elisabetta Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila Meunier, Martine |
author_sort | Monfardini, Elisabetta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Monkeys readily learn to discriminate between rewarded and unrewarded items or actions by observing their conspecifics. However, they do not systematically learn from humans. Understanding what makes human-to-monkey transmission of knowledge work or fail could help identify mediators and moderators of social learning that operate regardless of language or culture, and transcend inter-species differences. Do monkeys fail to learn when human models show a behavior too dissimilar from the animals’ own, or when they show a faultless performance devoid of error? To address this question, six rhesus macaques trained to find which object within a pair concealed a food reward were successively tested with three models: a familiar conspecific, a ‘stimulus-enhancing’ human actively drawing the animal’s attention to one object of the pair without actually performing the task, and a ‘monkey-like’ human performing the task in the same way as the monkey model did. Reward was manipulated to ensure that all models showed equal proportions of errors and successes. The ‘monkey-like’ human model improved the animals’ subsequent object discrimination learning as much as a conspecific did, whereas the ‘stimulus-enhancing’ human model tended on the contrary to retard learning. Modeling errors rather than successes optimized learning from the monkey and ‘monkey-like’ models, while exacerbating the adverse effect of the ‘stimulus-enhancing’ model. These findings identify error modeling as a moderator of social learning in monkeys that amplifies the models’ influence, whether beneficial or detrimental. By contrast, model-observer similarity in behavior emerged as a mediator of social learning, that is, a prerequisite for a model to work in the first place. The latter finding suggests that, as preverbal infants, macaques need to perceive the model as ‘like-me’ and that, once this condition is fulfilled, any agent can become an effective model. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3933687 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39336872014-02-25 Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques Monfardini, Elisabetta Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila Meunier, Martine PLoS One Research Article Monkeys readily learn to discriminate between rewarded and unrewarded items or actions by observing their conspecifics. However, they do not systematically learn from humans. Understanding what makes human-to-monkey transmission of knowledge work or fail could help identify mediators and moderators of social learning that operate regardless of language or culture, and transcend inter-species differences. Do monkeys fail to learn when human models show a behavior too dissimilar from the animals’ own, or when they show a faultless performance devoid of error? To address this question, six rhesus macaques trained to find which object within a pair concealed a food reward were successively tested with three models: a familiar conspecific, a ‘stimulus-enhancing’ human actively drawing the animal’s attention to one object of the pair without actually performing the task, and a ‘monkey-like’ human performing the task in the same way as the monkey model did. Reward was manipulated to ensure that all models showed equal proportions of errors and successes. The ‘monkey-like’ human model improved the animals’ subsequent object discrimination learning as much as a conspecific did, whereas the ‘stimulus-enhancing’ human model tended on the contrary to retard learning. Modeling errors rather than successes optimized learning from the monkey and ‘monkey-like’ models, while exacerbating the adverse effect of the ‘stimulus-enhancing’ model. These findings identify error modeling as a moderator of social learning in monkeys that amplifies the models’ influence, whether beneficial or detrimental. By contrast, model-observer similarity in behavior emerged as a mediator of social learning, that is, a prerequisite for a model to work in the first place. The latter finding suggests that, as preverbal infants, macaques need to perceive the model as ‘like-me’ and that, once this condition is fulfilled, any agent can become an effective model. Public Library of Science 2014-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC3933687/ /pubmed/24587063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089825 Text en © 2014 Monfardini et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Monfardini, Elisabetta Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila Meunier, Martine Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques |
title | Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques |
title_full | Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques |
title_fullStr | Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques |
title_full_unstemmed | Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques |
title_short | Model-Observer Similarity, Error Modeling and Social Learning in Rhesus Macaques |
title_sort | model-observer similarity, error modeling and social learning in rhesus macaques |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3933687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24587063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089825 |
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