Multigene phylogeny, taxonomy and reclassification of Hyaloperonospora on Cardamine

Based on sequence data from cox1, cox2, ITS and LSU rDNA, it is shown that at least six species of Hyaloperonospora occur on the genus Cardamine, most of which were commonly classified under Peronospora dentariae. Based on sequences from their type hosts, Peronospora dentariae, Peronospora cardamines-laciniatae, Peronospora dentariae-macrophyllae, Peronospora malyi and Peronospora nasturtii-aquatici are combined into Hyaloperonospora, and their circumscription is clarified. Hyaloperonospora cardamines-enneaphyllos is described as a new species from Cardamine enneaphyllos. The host range of Hyaloperonospora nasturtii-aquatici, described from Nasturtium officinale, is shown to extend to various Cardamine species. Host range of species is shown to be highly diagnostic, with no overlap in their host range, but species commonly cannot be distinguished by morphology alone. Both cox1 and cox2 are confirmed to be good markers for phylogenetic species delimitation of closely related Hyaloperonospora species on Cardamine.