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Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis
Marine anthozoans maintain a mutualistic symbiosis with dinoflagellates that are prolific producers of the algal secondary metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of the climate-cooling trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Surprisingly, little is known about the physiological role o...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons Ltd
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936390/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24634728 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.946 |
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author | Borell, Esther M Steinke, Michael Horwitz, Rael Fine, Maoz |
author_facet | Borell, Esther M Steinke, Michael Horwitz, Rael Fine, Maoz |
author_sort | Borell, Esther M |
collection | PubMed |
description | Marine anthozoans maintain a mutualistic symbiosis with dinoflagellates that are prolific producers of the algal secondary metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of the climate-cooling trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Surprisingly, little is known about the physiological role of DMSP in anthozoans and the environmental factors that regulate its production. Here, we assessed the potential functional role of DMSP as an antioxidant and determined how future increases in seawater pCO(2) may affect DMSP concentrations in the anemone Anemonia viridis along a natural pCO(2) gradient at the island of Vulcano, Italy. There was no significant difference in zooxanthellae genotype and characteristics (density of zooxanthellae, and chlorophyll a) as well as protein concentrations between anemones from three stations along the gradient, V1 (3232 μatm CO(2)), V2 (682 μatm) and control (463 μatm), which indicated that A. viridis can acclimate to various seawater pCO(2). In contrast, DMSP concentrations in anemones from stations V1 (33.23 ± 8.30 fmol cell(−1)) and V2 (34.78 ± 8.69 fmol cell(−1)) were about 35% lower than concentrations in tentacles from the control station (51.85 ± 12.96 fmol cell(−1)). Furthermore, low tissue concentrations of DMSP coincided with low activities of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxide dismutase activity for both host (7.84 ± 1.37 U·mg(−1) protein) and zooxanthellae (2.84 ± 0.41 U·mg(−1) protein) at V1 was 40% lower than at the control station (host: 13.19 ± 1.42; zooxanthellae: 4.72 ± 0.57 U·mg(−1) protein). Our results provide insight into coastal DMSP production under predicted environmental change and support the function of DMSP as an antioxidant in symbiotic anthozoans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3936390 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39363902014-03-14 Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis Borell, Esther M Steinke, Michael Horwitz, Rael Fine, Maoz Ecol Evol Original Research Marine anthozoans maintain a mutualistic symbiosis with dinoflagellates that are prolific producers of the algal secondary metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of the climate-cooling trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Surprisingly, little is known about the physiological role of DMSP in anthozoans and the environmental factors that regulate its production. Here, we assessed the potential functional role of DMSP as an antioxidant and determined how future increases in seawater pCO(2) may affect DMSP concentrations in the anemone Anemonia viridis along a natural pCO(2) gradient at the island of Vulcano, Italy. There was no significant difference in zooxanthellae genotype and characteristics (density of zooxanthellae, and chlorophyll a) as well as protein concentrations between anemones from three stations along the gradient, V1 (3232 μatm CO(2)), V2 (682 μatm) and control (463 μatm), which indicated that A. viridis can acclimate to various seawater pCO(2). In contrast, DMSP concentrations in anemones from stations V1 (33.23 ± 8.30 fmol cell(−1)) and V2 (34.78 ± 8.69 fmol cell(−1)) were about 35% lower than concentrations in tentacles from the control station (51.85 ± 12.96 fmol cell(−1)). Furthermore, low tissue concentrations of DMSP coincided with low activities of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxide dismutase activity for both host (7.84 ± 1.37 U·mg(−1) protein) and zooxanthellae (2.84 ± 0.41 U·mg(−1) protein) at V1 was 40% lower than at the control station (host: 13.19 ± 1.42; zooxanthellae: 4.72 ± 0.57 U·mg(−1) protein). Our results provide insight into coastal DMSP production under predicted environmental change and support the function of DMSP as an antioxidant in symbiotic anthozoans. John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2014-02 2014-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3936390/ /pubmed/24634728 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.946 Text en © 2014 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Borell, Esther M Steinke, Michael Horwitz, Rael Fine, Maoz Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title | Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_full | Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_fullStr | Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_full_unstemmed | Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_short | Increasing pCO(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_sort | increasing pco(2) correlates with low concentrations of intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the sea anemone anemonia viridis |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936390/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24634728 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.946 |
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