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Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy
PURPOSE: Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators are implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and in rats, its development can be prevented by antioxidants. Carotenoids are some of the powerful antioxidants, and diabetes decreases lutein and zeaxanthin levels in the serum...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3937140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24479616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-8 |
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author | Kowluru, Renu A Zhong, Qing Santos, Julia M Thandampallayam, Mangayarkarasi Putt, Doug Gierhart, Dennis L |
author_facet | Kowluru, Renu A Zhong, Qing Santos, Julia M Thandampallayam, Mangayarkarasi Putt, Doug Gierhart, Dennis L |
author_sort | Kowluru, Renu A |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators are implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and in rats, its development can be prevented by antioxidants. Carotenoids are some of the powerful antioxidants, and diabetes decreases lutein and zeaxanthin levels in the serum and retina. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of carotenoid containing nutritional supplements (Nutr), which is in clinical trials for ‘Diabetes Vision Function’, on diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (Wistar, male) were fed Purina 5001 supplemented with nutritional supplements containing zeaxanthin, lutein, lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients, or without any supplementation. Retinal function was analyzed at ~4 months of diabetes by electroretinography. After 11 months of diabetes, capillary cell apoptosis (TUNEL-staining) and histopathology (degenerative capillaries) were quantified in trypsin-digested retinal vasculature. Retina was also analyzed for mitochondrial damage (by quantifying gene expressions of mtDNA-encoded proteins of the electron transport chain), VEGF and inflammatory mediators, interleukin-1β and NF-kB. RESULTS: Diabetes impaired retinal function decreasing the amplitudes of both a- and b-waves. In the same animals, retinal capillary cell apoptosis and degenerative capillaries were increased by 3–4 fold. Gene expressions of mtDNA encoded proteins were decreased, and VEGF, interleukin-1β and NF-kB levels were elevated. Supplementation with the nutrients prevented increased capillary cell apoptosis and vascular pathology, and ameliorated these diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional supplementation prevents diabetic retinopathy, and also maintains normal retinal function, mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammatory mediators. Thus, this supplementation could represent an achievable and inexpensive adjunct therapy to also inhibit retinopathy, a slow progressing disease feared most by diabetic patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3937140 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39371402014-02-28 Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy Kowluru, Renu A Zhong, Qing Santos, Julia M Thandampallayam, Mangayarkarasi Putt, Doug Gierhart, Dennis L Nutr Metab (Lond) Research PURPOSE: Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators are implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and in rats, its development can be prevented by antioxidants. Carotenoids are some of the powerful antioxidants, and diabetes decreases lutein and zeaxanthin levels in the serum and retina. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of carotenoid containing nutritional supplements (Nutr), which is in clinical trials for ‘Diabetes Vision Function’, on diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (Wistar, male) were fed Purina 5001 supplemented with nutritional supplements containing zeaxanthin, lutein, lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients, or without any supplementation. Retinal function was analyzed at ~4 months of diabetes by electroretinography. After 11 months of diabetes, capillary cell apoptosis (TUNEL-staining) and histopathology (degenerative capillaries) were quantified in trypsin-digested retinal vasculature. Retina was also analyzed for mitochondrial damage (by quantifying gene expressions of mtDNA-encoded proteins of the electron transport chain), VEGF and inflammatory mediators, interleukin-1β and NF-kB. RESULTS: Diabetes impaired retinal function decreasing the amplitudes of both a- and b-waves. In the same animals, retinal capillary cell apoptosis and degenerative capillaries were increased by 3–4 fold. Gene expressions of mtDNA encoded proteins were decreased, and VEGF, interleukin-1β and NF-kB levels were elevated. Supplementation with the nutrients prevented increased capillary cell apoptosis and vascular pathology, and ameliorated these diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional supplementation prevents diabetic retinopathy, and also maintains normal retinal function, mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammatory mediators. Thus, this supplementation could represent an achievable and inexpensive adjunct therapy to also inhibit retinopathy, a slow progressing disease feared most by diabetic patients. BioMed Central 2014-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3937140/ /pubmed/24479616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-8 Text en Copyright © 2014 Kowluru et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Kowluru, Renu A Zhong, Qing Santos, Julia M Thandampallayam, Mangayarkarasi Putt, Doug Gierhart, Dennis L Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy |
title | Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy |
title_full | Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy |
title_fullStr | Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy |
title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy |
title_short | Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy |
title_sort | beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3937140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24479616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-8 |
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