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Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe. Because CRC is also a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, a lot of research has been focused on the discovery and development of biomarkers to improve the diagnostic process and to predict treatment outcomes. Up til...

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Autores principales: Reimers, Marlies S., Zeestraten, Eliane C.M., Kuppen, Peter J.K., Liefers, Gerrit Jan, van de Velde, Cornelis J.H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3937997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759962
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/got022
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author Reimers, Marlies S.
Zeestraten, Eliane C.M.
Kuppen, Peter J.K.
Liefers, Gerrit Jan
van de Velde, Cornelis J.H.
author_facet Reimers, Marlies S.
Zeestraten, Eliane C.M.
Kuppen, Peter J.K.
Liefers, Gerrit Jan
van de Velde, Cornelis J.H.
author_sort Reimers, Marlies S.
collection PubMed
description Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe. Because CRC is also a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, a lot of research has been focused on the discovery and development of biomarkers to improve the diagnostic process and to predict treatment outcomes. Up till now only a few biomarkers are recommended by expert panels. Current TNM criteria, however, cause substantial under- and overtreatment of CRC patients. Consequently, there is a growing need for new and efficient biomarkers to ensure optimal treatment allocation. An ideal biomarker should be easily translated into clinical practice, to identify patients who can be spared from treatment or benefit from therapy, ultimately resulting in precision medicine in the future. In this review we aim to provide an overview of a number of frequently studied biomarkers in CRC and, at the same time, we will emphasize the challenges and controversies that withhold the clinical introduction of these biomarkers. We will discuss both prognostic and predictive markers of chemotherapy, aspirin therapy as well as overall therapy toxicity. Currently, only mutant KRAS, mutant BRAF, MSI and the Oncotype DX® Colon Cancer Assay are used in clinical practice. Other biomarker studies showed insufficient evidence to be introduced into clinical practice. Divergent patient selection criteria, absence of validation studies and a large number of single biomarker studies are possibly responsible. We therefore recommend that future studies focus on combining key markers, rather than analysing single markers, standardizing study protocols, and validate the results in independent study cohorts, followed by prospective clinical trials.
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spelling pubmed-39379972014-03-04 Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer Reimers, Marlies S. Zeestraten, Eliane C.M. Kuppen, Peter J.K. Liefers, Gerrit Jan van de Velde, Cornelis J.H. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) Reviews Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe. Because CRC is also a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, a lot of research has been focused on the discovery and development of biomarkers to improve the diagnostic process and to predict treatment outcomes. Up till now only a few biomarkers are recommended by expert panels. Current TNM criteria, however, cause substantial under- and overtreatment of CRC patients. Consequently, there is a growing need for new and efficient biomarkers to ensure optimal treatment allocation. An ideal biomarker should be easily translated into clinical practice, to identify patients who can be spared from treatment or benefit from therapy, ultimately resulting in precision medicine in the future. In this review we aim to provide an overview of a number of frequently studied biomarkers in CRC and, at the same time, we will emphasize the challenges and controversies that withhold the clinical introduction of these biomarkers. We will discuss both prognostic and predictive markers of chemotherapy, aspirin therapy as well as overall therapy toxicity. Currently, only mutant KRAS, mutant BRAF, MSI and the Oncotype DX® Colon Cancer Assay are used in clinical practice. Other biomarker studies showed insufficient evidence to be introduced into clinical practice. Divergent patient selection criteria, absence of validation studies and a large number of single biomarker studies are possibly responsible. We therefore recommend that future studies focus on combining key markers, rather than analysing single markers, standardizing study protocols, and validate the results in independent study cohorts, followed by prospective clinical trials. Oxford University Press 2013-11 2013-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3937997/ /pubmed/24759962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/got022 Text en © The Author(s) 2013. Published by Oxford University Press and the Digestive Science Publishing Co. Limited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Reviews
Reimers, Marlies S.
Zeestraten, Eliane C.M.
Kuppen, Peter J.K.
Liefers, Gerrit Jan
van de Velde, Cornelis J.H.
Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer
title Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer
title_full Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer
title_fullStr Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer
title_full_unstemmed Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer
title_short Biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer
title_sort biomarkers in precision therapy in colorectal cancer
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3937997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759962
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/got022
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