Anti-invasive effects of Celastrus Orbiculatus extract on interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha combination-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes

BACKGROUND: Invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) is critical in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The metalloproteinases (MMPs) and activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway play a critical role in RA-FLS invasion induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The present study aimed to explore the anti-invasive activity and mechanism of Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) on IL-1β and TNF-α combination-stimulated human RA-FLSs. METHODS: We investigated the effect of COE on IL-1β and TNF-α combination-induced FLS invasion as well as MMP expression and explored upstream signal transduction. RESULTS: COE suppressed IL-1β and TNF-α combination-stimulated FLSs invasion by inhibiting MMP-9 expression and activity. Furthermore, our results revealed that COE inhibited the transcriptional activity of MMP-9 by suppression of the binding activity of NF-κB in the MMP-9 promoter, and inhibited IκBα phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS: COE inhibits IL-1β and TNF-α combination-induced FLSs invasion by suppressing NF-κB-mediated MMP-9 expression.