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Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms

BACKGROUND: Cancer and HIV/AIDS are two of the greatest public health and humanitarian challenges facing the world today. Infection with HIV not only weakens the immune system leading to AIDS and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, but also increases the risk of several types of cancer....

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Autores principales: Ellithey, Mona S, Lall, Namrita, Hussein, Ahmed A, Meyer, Debra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3939812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24568567
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-77
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author Ellithey, Mona S
Lall, Namrita
Hussein, Ahmed A
Meyer, Debra
author_facet Ellithey, Mona S
Lall, Namrita
Hussein, Ahmed A
Meyer, Debra
author_sort Ellithey, Mona S
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cancer and HIV/AIDS are two of the greatest public health and humanitarian challenges facing the world today. Infection with HIV not only weakens the immune system leading to AIDS and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, but also increases the risk of several types of cancer. The enormous biodiversity of marine habitats is mirrored by the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites found in marine animals, plants and microbes which is why this work was designed to assess the anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities of some marine organisms of the Red Sea. METHODS: The lipophilic fractions of methanolic extracts of thirteen marine organisms collected from the Red Sea (Egypt) were screened for cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines; leukaemia (U937) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) were used as normal non-malignant control cells. The extracts were also tested for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR). RESULTS: Cytotoxicity results showed strong activity of the Cnidarian Litophyton arboreum against U-937 (IC(50;) 6.5 μg/ml ±2.3) with a selectivity index (SI) of 6.45, while the Cnidarian Sarcophyton trochliophorum showed strong activity against HeLa cells (IC(50;) 5.2 μg/ml ±1.2) with an SI of 2.09. Other species showed moderate to weak cytotoxicity against both cell lines. Two extracts showed potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease; these were the Cnidarian jelly fish Cassiopia andromeda (IC(50;) 0.84 μg/ml ±0.05) and the red algae Galaxura filamentosa (2.6 μg/ml ±1.29). It is interesting to note that the most active extracts against HIV-1 PR, C. andromeda and G. filamentosa showed no cytotoxicity in the three cell lines at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml). CONCLUSION: The strong cytotoxicity of the soft corals L. arboreum and S. trochliophorum as well as the anti-PR activity of the jelly fish C. andromeda and the red algae G. filamentosa suggests the medicinal potential of crude extracts of these marine organisms.
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spelling pubmed-39398122014-03-12 Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms Ellithey, Mona S Lall, Namrita Hussein, Ahmed A Meyer, Debra BMC Complement Altern Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Cancer and HIV/AIDS are two of the greatest public health and humanitarian challenges facing the world today. Infection with HIV not only weakens the immune system leading to AIDS and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, but also increases the risk of several types of cancer. The enormous biodiversity of marine habitats is mirrored by the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites found in marine animals, plants and microbes which is why this work was designed to assess the anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities of some marine organisms of the Red Sea. METHODS: The lipophilic fractions of methanolic extracts of thirteen marine organisms collected from the Red Sea (Egypt) were screened for cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines; leukaemia (U937) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) were used as normal non-malignant control cells. The extracts were also tested for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR). RESULTS: Cytotoxicity results showed strong activity of the Cnidarian Litophyton arboreum against U-937 (IC(50;) 6.5 μg/ml ±2.3) with a selectivity index (SI) of 6.45, while the Cnidarian Sarcophyton trochliophorum showed strong activity against HeLa cells (IC(50;) 5.2 μg/ml ±1.2) with an SI of 2.09. Other species showed moderate to weak cytotoxicity against both cell lines. Two extracts showed potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease; these were the Cnidarian jelly fish Cassiopia andromeda (IC(50;) 0.84 μg/ml ±0.05) and the red algae Galaxura filamentosa (2.6 μg/ml ±1.29). It is interesting to note that the most active extracts against HIV-1 PR, C. andromeda and G. filamentosa showed no cytotoxicity in the three cell lines at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml). CONCLUSION: The strong cytotoxicity of the soft corals L. arboreum and S. trochliophorum as well as the anti-PR activity of the jelly fish C. andromeda and the red algae G. filamentosa suggests the medicinal potential of crude extracts of these marine organisms. BioMed Central 2014-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3939812/ /pubmed/24568567 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-77 Text en Copyright © 2014 Ellithey et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ellithey, Mona S
Lall, Namrita
Hussein, Ahmed A
Meyer, Debra
Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms
title Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms
title_full Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms
title_fullStr Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms
title_full_unstemmed Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms
title_short Cytotoxic and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of Red Sea marine organisms
title_sort cytotoxic and hiv-1 enzyme inhibitory activities of red sea marine organisms
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3939812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24568567
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-77
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