Cargando…

Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine

BACKGROUND: Over one hundred different pharmaceutical dosage forms have been recorded in literatures of Traditional Persian Medicine among which nasal forms are considerable. OBJECTIVES: This study designed to derive the most often applied nasal dosage forms together with those brief clinical admini...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zarshenas, Mohammad Mehdi, Zargaran, Arman, Müller, Johannes, Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: DocS 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3941896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24624204
_version_ 1782305993961504768
author Zarshenas, Mohammad Mehdi
Zargaran, Arman
Müller, Johannes
Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali
author_facet Zarshenas, Mohammad Mehdi
Zargaran, Arman
Müller, Johannes
Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali
author_sort Zarshenas, Mohammad Mehdi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Over one hundred different pharmaceutical dosage forms have been recorded in literatures of Traditional Persian Medicine among which nasal forms are considerable. OBJECTIVES: This study designed to derive the most often applied nasal dosage forms together with those brief clinical administrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the current study remaining pharmaceutical manuscripts of Persia during 9th to 18th century AD have been studied and different dosage forms related to nasal application of herbal medicines and their therapeutic effects were derived. RESULTS: By searching through pharmaceutical manuscripts of medieval Persia, different nasal dosage forms involving eleven types related to three main groups are found. These types could be derived from powder, solution or liquid and gaseous forms. Gaseous form were classified into fumigation (Bakhoor), vapor bath (Enkebab), inhalation (Lakhlakheh), aroma agents (Ghalieh) and olfaction or smell (Shomoom). Nasal solutions were as drops (Ghatoor), nasal snuffing drops (Saoot) and liquid snuff formulations (Noshoogh). Powders were as nasal insufflation or snorting agents (Nofookh) and errhine or sternutator medicine (Otoos). Nasal forms were not applied only for local purposes. Rather systemic disorders and specially CNS complications were said to be a target for these dosage forms. DISCUSSION: While this novel type of drug delivery is known as a suitable substitute for oral and parenteral administration, it was well accepted and extensively mentioned in Persian medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts and other traditional systems of medicine as well. Accordingly, medieval pharmaceutical standpoints on nasal dosage forms could still be an interesting subject of study. Therefore, the current work can briefly show the pharmaceutical knowledge on nasal formulations in medieval Persia and clarify a part of history of traditional Persian pharmacy.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3941896
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2013
publisher DocS
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-39418962014-03-12 Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine Zarshenas, Mohammad Mehdi Zargaran, Arman Müller, Johannes Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod Rapid Communication BACKGROUND: Over one hundred different pharmaceutical dosage forms have been recorded in literatures of Traditional Persian Medicine among which nasal forms are considerable. OBJECTIVES: This study designed to derive the most often applied nasal dosage forms together with those brief clinical administrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the current study remaining pharmaceutical manuscripts of Persia during 9th to 18th century AD have been studied and different dosage forms related to nasal application of herbal medicines and their therapeutic effects were derived. RESULTS: By searching through pharmaceutical manuscripts of medieval Persia, different nasal dosage forms involving eleven types related to three main groups are found. These types could be derived from powder, solution or liquid and gaseous forms. Gaseous form were classified into fumigation (Bakhoor), vapor bath (Enkebab), inhalation (Lakhlakheh), aroma agents (Ghalieh) and olfaction or smell (Shomoom). Nasal solutions were as drops (Ghatoor), nasal snuffing drops (Saoot) and liquid snuff formulations (Noshoogh). Powders were as nasal insufflation or snorting agents (Nofookh) and errhine or sternutator medicine (Otoos). Nasal forms were not applied only for local purposes. Rather systemic disorders and specially CNS complications were said to be a target for these dosage forms. DISCUSSION: While this novel type of drug delivery is known as a suitable substitute for oral and parenteral administration, it was well accepted and extensively mentioned in Persian medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts and other traditional systems of medicine as well. Accordingly, medieval pharmaceutical standpoints on nasal dosage forms could still be an interesting subject of study. Therefore, the current work can briefly show the pharmaceutical knowledge on nasal formulations in medieval Persia and clarify a part of history of traditional Persian pharmacy. DocS 2013-07-16 2013-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3941896/ /pubmed/24624204 Text en Copyright © 2013, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Rapid Communication
Zarshenas, Mohammad Mehdi
Zargaran, Arman
Müller, Johannes
Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali
Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine
title Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine
title_full Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine
title_fullStr Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine
title_full_unstemmed Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine
title_short Nasal Drug Delivery in Traditional Persian Medicine
title_sort nasal drug delivery in traditional persian medicine
topic Rapid Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3941896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24624204
work_keys_str_mv AT zarshenasmohammadmehdi nasaldrugdeliveryintraditionalpersianmedicine
AT zargaranarman nasaldrugdeliveryintraditionalpersianmedicine
AT mullerjohannes nasaldrugdeliveryintraditionalpersianmedicine
AT mohagheghzadehabdolali nasaldrugdeliveryintraditionalpersianmedicine