Expression and Potential Role of GATA Factors in Trophoblast Development

Despite exhaustive studies, molecular mechanisms governing blastocyst formation, implantation to the uterine endometrium and placentation have not been definitively characterized. GATA family proteins are a group of zinc finger transcription factors, for which gene ablations eventually result in embryonic death later in pregnancy. These findings suggested that GATA factors are not essential for early embryonic development. However, recent studies from our laboratory and others have revealed that GATA proteins are involved in the regulation of key genes expressed by the trophectoderm that underpin the transition from the morula to trophoblast, and trophectoderm maintenance. Consequently, it is important to consider the current understanding how GATA factors govern early trophectoderm development.