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Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals

A wide range of influenza A viruses of pigs and birds have infected humans in the last decade, sometimes with severe clinical consequences. Each of these so-called zoonotic infections provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host. Fortunately, most of these human infections do not yie...

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Autores principales: Schrauwen, Eefje JA, Fouchier, Ron AM
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26038511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2014.9
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author Schrauwen, Eefje JA
Fouchier, Ron AM
author_facet Schrauwen, Eefje JA
Fouchier, Ron AM
author_sort Schrauwen, Eefje JA
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description A wide range of influenza A viruses of pigs and birds have infected humans in the last decade, sometimes with severe clinical consequences. Each of these so-called zoonotic infections provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host. Fortunately, most of these human infections do not yield viruses with the ability of sustained human-to-human transmission. However, animal influenza viruses have acquired the ability of sustained transmission between humans to cause pandemics on rare occasions in the past, and therefore, influenza virus zoonoses continue to represent threats to public health. Numerous recent studies have shed new light on the mechanisms of adaptation and transmission of avian and swine influenza A viruses in mammals. In particular, several studies provided insights into the genetic and phenotypic traits of influenza A viruses that may determine airborne transmission. Here, we summarize recent studies on molecular determinants of virulence and adaptation of animal influenza A virus and discuss the phenotypic traits associated with airborne transmission of newly emerging influenza A viruses. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of virulence and transmission may aid in assessing the risks posed by animal influenza viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks.
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spelling pubmed-39441232014-03-06 Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals Schrauwen, Eefje JA Fouchier, Ron AM Emerg Microbes Infect Review A wide range of influenza A viruses of pigs and birds have infected humans in the last decade, sometimes with severe clinical consequences. Each of these so-called zoonotic infections provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host. Fortunately, most of these human infections do not yield viruses with the ability of sustained human-to-human transmission. However, animal influenza viruses have acquired the ability of sustained transmission between humans to cause pandemics on rare occasions in the past, and therefore, influenza virus zoonoses continue to represent threats to public health. Numerous recent studies have shed new light on the mechanisms of adaptation and transmission of avian and swine influenza A viruses in mammals. In particular, several studies provided insights into the genetic and phenotypic traits of influenza A viruses that may determine airborne transmission. Here, we summarize recent studies on molecular determinants of virulence and adaptation of animal influenza A virus and discuss the phenotypic traits associated with airborne transmission of newly emerging influenza A viruses. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of virulence and transmission may aid in assessing the risks posed by animal influenza viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks. Nature Publishing Group 2014-02 2014-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3944123/ /pubmed/26038511 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2014.9 Text en Copyright © 2014 Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
spellingShingle Review
Schrauwen, Eefje JA
Fouchier, Ron AM
Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals
title Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals
title_full Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals
title_fullStr Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals
title_full_unstemmed Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals
title_short Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals
title_sort host adaptation and transmission of influenza a viruses in mammals
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26038511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2014.9
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