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The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure

Chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride exposure is also detrimental to soft tissues and organs. The present study aimed at evaluation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba and ascorbic acid on learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride exposure. Male Wistar rats we...

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Autores principales: Raghu, Jetti, Raghuveer, Vasudeva C., Rao, Mallikarjuna C., Somayaji, Nagabhooshana S., Babu, Prakash B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Slovak Toxicology Society SETOX 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678261
http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0032
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author Raghu, Jetti
Raghuveer, Vasudeva C.
Rao, Mallikarjuna C.
Somayaji, Nagabhooshana S.
Babu, Prakash B.
author_facet Raghu, Jetti
Raghuveer, Vasudeva C.
Rao, Mallikarjuna C.
Somayaji, Nagabhooshana S.
Babu, Prakash B.
author_sort Raghu, Jetti
collection PubMed
description Chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride exposure is also detrimental to soft tissues and organs. The present study aimed at evaluation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba and ascorbic acid on learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride exposure. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1 control. Groups 2 to 5 received 100 ppm of sodium fluoride over 30 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were further treated for 15 days receiving respectively 1% gum acacia solution, 100 mg/kg body weight ascorbic acid, and 100mg/kg body weight Ginkgo biloba extract. After 45 days, all animals were subjected to behavioural tests. The results showed that fluoride affected learning and memory. Fluoride causes oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, thereby affecting learning and memory. Ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba were found to augment the reversal of learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride ingestion.
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spelling pubmed-39457612014-03-27 The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure Raghu, Jetti Raghuveer, Vasudeva C. Rao, Mallikarjuna C. Somayaji, Nagabhooshana S. Babu, Prakash B. Interdiscip Toxicol Original Article Chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride exposure is also detrimental to soft tissues and organs. The present study aimed at evaluation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba and ascorbic acid on learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride exposure. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1 control. Groups 2 to 5 received 100 ppm of sodium fluoride over 30 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were further treated for 15 days receiving respectively 1% gum acacia solution, 100 mg/kg body weight ascorbic acid, and 100mg/kg body weight Ginkgo biloba extract. After 45 days, all animals were subjected to behavioural tests. The results showed that fluoride affected learning and memory. Fluoride causes oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, thereby affecting learning and memory. Ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba were found to augment the reversal of learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride ingestion. Slovak Toxicology Society SETOX 2013-12 2013-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3945761/ /pubmed/24678261 http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0032 Text en Copyright © 2013 Slovak Toxicology Society SETOX http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Raghu, Jetti
Raghuveer, Vasudeva C.
Rao, Mallikarjuna C.
Somayaji, Nagabhooshana S.
Babu, Prakash B.
The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
title The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
title_full The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
title_fullStr The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
title_full_unstemmed The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
title_short The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
title_sort ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and ginkgo biloba on learning and memory deficits associated with fluoride exposure
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678261
http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0032
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