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Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients
BACKGROUND: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and they infect mainly persons with underlying pulmonary diseases but also previously healthy elderly women. Defects in host resistance that lead to pulmonary infections by NTM are relatively unknown. A few genetic defe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956671/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24638111 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091450 |
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author | Kotilainen, Hannele Lokki, Marja-Liisa Paakkanen, Riitta Seppänen, Mikko Tukiainen, Pentti Meri, Seppo Poussa, Tuija Eskola, Jussi Valtonen, Ville Järvinen, Asko |
author_facet | Kotilainen, Hannele Lokki, Marja-Liisa Paakkanen, Riitta Seppänen, Mikko Tukiainen, Pentti Meri, Seppo Poussa, Tuija Eskola, Jussi Valtonen, Ville Järvinen, Asko |
author_sort | Kotilainen, Hannele |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and they infect mainly persons with underlying pulmonary diseases but also previously healthy elderly women. Defects in host resistance that lead to pulmonary infections by NTM are relatively unknown. A few genetic defects have been associated with both pulmonary and disseminated mycobacterial infections. Rare disseminated NTM infections have been associated with genetic defects in T-cell mediated immunity and in cytokine signaling in families. We investigated whether there was an association between NTM infections and deficiencies of complement components C4A or C4B that are encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC). METHODS: 50 adult patients with a positive NTM culture with symptoms and findings of a NTM disease were recruited. Patients' clinical history was collected and symptoms and clinical findings were categorized according to 2007 diagnostic criteria of The American Thoracic Society (ATS). To investigate the deficiencies of complement, C4A and C4B gene copy numbers and phenotype frequencies of the C4 allotypes were analyzed. Unselected, healthy, 149 Finnish adults were used as controls. RESULTS: NTM patients had more often C4 deficiencies (C4A or C4B) than controls (36/50 [72%] vs 83/149 [56%], OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.019–4.105, p = 0.042). C4 deficiencies for female NTM patients were more common than for controls (29/36 [81%] vs 55/100 [55%], OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.358–8.460, p = 0.007). C4 deficiences seemed not to be related to any specific underlying disease or C4 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: C4 deficiency may be a risk factor for NTM infection in especially elderly female patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3956671 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39566712014-03-18 Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients Kotilainen, Hannele Lokki, Marja-Liisa Paakkanen, Riitta Seppänen, Mikko Tukiainen, Pentti Meri, Seppo Poussa, Tuija Eskola, Jussi Valtonen, Ville Järvinen, Asko PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and they infect mainly persons with underlying pulmonary diseases but also previously healthy elderly women. Defects in host resistance that lead to pulmonary infections by NTM are relatively unknown. A few genetic defects have been associated with both pulmonary and disseminated mycobacterial infections. Rare disseminated NTM infections have been associated with genetic defects in T-cell mediated immunity and in cytokine signaling in families. We investigated whether there was an association between NTM infections and deficiencies of complement components C4A or C4B that are encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC). METHODS: 50 adult patients with a positive NTM culture with symptoms and findings of a NTM disease were recruited. Patients' clinical history was collected and symptoms and clinical findings were categorized according to 2007 diagnostic criteria of The American Thoracic Society (ATS). To investigate the deficiencies of complement, C4A and C4B gene copy numbers and phenotype frequencies of the C4 allotypes were analyzed. Unselected, healthy, 149 Finnish adults were used as controls. RESULTS: NTM patients had more often C4 deficiencies (C4A or C4B) than controls (36/50 [72%] vs 83/149 [56%], OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.019–4.105, p = 0.042). C4 deficiencies for female NTM patients were more common than for controls (29/36 [81%] vs 55/100 [55%], OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.358–8.460, p = 0.007). C4 deficiences seemed not to be related to any specific underlying disease or C4 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: C4 deficiency may be a risk factor for NTM infection in especially elderly female patients. Public Library of Science 2014-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC3956671/ /pubmed/24638111 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091450 Text en © 2014 Kotilainen et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kotilainen, Hannele Lokki, Marja-Liisa Paakkanen, Riitta Seppänen, Mikko Tukiainen, Pentti Meri, Seppo Poussa, Tuija Eskola, Jussi Valtonen, Ville Järvinen, Asko Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients |
title | Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients |
title_full | Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients |
title_fullStr | Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients |
title_short | Complement C4 Deficiency – A Plausible Risk Factor for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients |
title_sort | complement c4 deficiency – a plausible risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection in apparently immunocompetent patients |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956671/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24638111 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091450 |
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