Cargando…
Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of low serum testosterone (LST) in men with type 2 diabetes have been reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LST in men with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2013
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957172/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24672276 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.122006 |
_version_ | 1782307774095425536 |
---|---|
author | Al Hayek, Ayman A. Khader, Yousef S. Jafal, Sahar Khawaja, Nahla Robert, Asirvatham A. Ajlouni, Kamel |
author_facet | Al Hayek, Ayman A. Khader, Yousef S. Jafal, Sahar Khawaja, Nahla Robert, Asirvatham A. Ajlouni, Kamel |
author_sort | Al Hayek, Ayman A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of low serum testosterone (LST) in men with type 2 diabetes have been reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LST in men with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted among 1,089 men (aged 30-70 years) with type 2 diabetes who consecutively attended a major diabetes center in Amman, Jordan, between August 2008 and February 2009. The patients’ demographic characteristics were collected using a prestructured questionnaire. Duration of diabetes, smoking habits, presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy were collected from the medical records. All participants were asked to complete the Androgen Deficiency in Ageing Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Venous blood sample was collected to test for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). LST was defined as TT <3 ng/ml. RESULTS: Overall, 36.5% of patients with diabetes had TT level <3 ng/ml and 29% had symptoms of androgen deficiency. Of those with serum testosterone level <3 ng/ml, 80.2% had symptoms of androgen deficiency, 16.9% had primary hypogonadism (HG), and 83.1% had secondary HG. Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age, income, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, duration of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and HbA1c. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy as the independent risk factors of LST. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LST among men with type 2 diabetes is high. Age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy were found to be the independent risk factors for LST. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3957172 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39571722014-03-26 Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study Al Hayek, Ayman A. Khader, Yousef S. Jafal, Sahar Khawaja, Nahla Robert, Asirvatham A. Ajlouni, Kamel J Family Community Med Original Article BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of low serum testosterone (LST) in men with type 2 diabetes have been reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LST in men with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted among 1,089 men (aged 30-70 years) with type 2 diabetes who consecutively attended a major diabetes center in Amman, Jordan, between August 2008 and February 2009. The patients’ demographic characteristics were collected using a prestructured questionnaire. Duration of diabetes, smoking habits, presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy were collected from the medical records. All participants were asked to complete the Androgen Deficiency in Ageing Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Venous blood sample was collected to test for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). LST was defined as TT <3 ng/ml. RESULTS: Overall, 36.5% of patients with diabetes had TT level <3 ng/ml and 29% had symptoms of androgen deficiency. Of those with serum testosterone level <3 ng/ml, 80.2% had symptoms of androgen deficiency, 16.9% had primary hypogonadism (HG), and 83.1% had secondary HG. Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age, income, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, duration of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and HbA1c. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy as the independent risk factors of LST. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LST among men with type 2 diabetes is high. Age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy were found to be the independent risk factors for LST. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2013 /pmc/articles/PMC3957172/ /pubmed/24672276 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.122006 Text en Copyright: © Journal of Family and Community Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Al Hayek, Ayman A. Khader, Yousef S. Jafal, Sahar Khawaja, Nahla Robert, Asirvatham A. Ajlouni, Kamel Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study |
title | Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study |
title_full | Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study |
title_short | Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study |
title_sort | prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957172/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24672276 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.122006 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT alhayekaymana prevalenceoflowtestosteronelevelsinmenwithtype2diabetesmellitusacrosssectionalstudy AT khaderyousefs prevalenceoflowtestosteronelevelsinmenwithtype2diabetesmellitusacrosssectionalstudy AT jafalsahar prevalenceoflowtestosteronelevelsinmenwithtype2diabetesmellitusacrosssectionalstudy AT khawajanahla prevalenceoflowtestosteronelevelsinmenwithtype2diabetesmellitusacrosssectionalstudy AT robertasirvathama prevalenceoflowtestosteronelevelsinmenwithtype2diabetesmellitusacrosssectionalstudy AT ajlounikamel prevalenceoflowtestosteronelevelsinmenwithtype2diabetesmellitusacrosssectionalstudy |