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Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of low serum testosterone (LST) in men with type 2 diabetes have been reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LST in men with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted...

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Autores principales: Al Hayek, Ayman A., Khader, Yousef S., Jafal, Sahar, Khawaja, Nahla, Robert, Asirvatham A., Ajlouni, Kamel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957172/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24672276
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.122006
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author Al Hayek, Ayman A.
Khader, Yousef S.
Jafal, Sahar
Khawaja, Nahla
Robert, Asirvatham A.
Ajlouni, Kamel
author_facet Al Hayek, Ayman A.
Khader, Yousef S.
Jafal, Sahar
Khawaja, Nahla
Robert, Asirvatham A.
Ajlouni, Kamel
author_sort Al Hayek, Ayman A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of low serum testosterone (LST) in men with type 2 diabetes have been reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LST in men with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted among 1,089 men (aged 30-70 years) with type 2 diabetes who consecutively attended a major diabetes center in Amman, Jordan, between August 2008 and February 2009. The patients’ demographic characteristics were collected using a prestructured questionnaire. Duration of diabetes, smoking habits, presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy were collected from the medical records. All participants were asked to complete the Androgen Deficiency in Ageing Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Venous blood sample was collected to test for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). LST was defined as TT <3 ng/ml. RESULTS: Overall, 36.5% of patients with diabetes had TT level <3 ng/ml and 29% had symptoms of androgen deficiency. Of those with serum testosterone level <3 ng/ml, 80.2% had symptoms of androgen deficiency, 16.9% had primary hypogonadism (HG), and 83.1% had secondary HG. Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age, income, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, duration of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and HbA1c. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy as the independent risk factors of LST. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LST among men with type 2 diabetes is high. Age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy were found to be the independent risk factors for LST.
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spelling pubmed-39571722014-03-26 Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study Al Hayek, Ayman A. Khader, Yousef S. Jafal, Sahar Khawaja, Nahla Robert, Asirvatham A. Ajlouni, Kamel J Family Community Med Original Article BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of low serum testosterone (LST) in men with type 2 diabetes have been reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LST in men with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted among 1,089 men (aged 30-70 years) with type 2 diabetes who consecutively attended a major diabetes center in Amman, Jordan, between August 2008 and February 2009. The patients’ demographic characteristics were collected using a prestructured questionnaire. Duration of diabetes, smoking habits, presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy were collected from the medical records. All participants were asked to complete the Androgen Deficiency in Ageing Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Venous blood sample was collected to test for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). LST was defined as TT <3 ng/ml. RESULTS: Overall, 36.5% of patients with diabetes had TT level <3 ng/ml and 29% had symptoms of androgen deficiency. Of those with serum testosterone level <3 ng/ml, 80.2% had symptoms of androgen deficiency, 16.9% had primary hypogonadism (HG), and 83.1% had secondary HG. Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age, income, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, duration of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and HbA1c. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy as the independent risk factors of LST. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LST among men with type 2 diabetes is high. Age, income, BMI, and diabetic neuropathy were found to be the independent risk factors for LST. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2013 /pmc/articles/PMC3957172/ /pubmed/24672276 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.122006 Text en Copyright: © Journal of Family and Community Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Al Hayek, Ayman A.
Khader, Yousef S.
Jafal, Sahar
Khawaja, Nahla
Robert, Asirvatham A.
Ajlouni, Kamel
Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_full Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_short Prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_sort prevalence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957172/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24672276
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.122006
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