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Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging

Laser scanning is a non-invasive method for collecting and parameterizing 3D data of well reflecting objects. These systems have been used for 3D imaging of plant growth and structure analysis. A prerequisite is that the recorded signals originate from the true plant surface. In this paper we studie...

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Autores principales: Paulus, Stefan, Eichert, Thomas, Goldbach, Heiner E., Kuhlmann, Heiner
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3958280/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24504106
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140202489
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author Paulus, Stefan
Eichert, Thomas
Goldbach, Heiner E.
Kuhlmann, Heiner
author_facet Paulus, Stefan
Eichert, Thomas
Goldbach, Heiner E.
Kuhlmann, Heiner
author_sort Paulus, Stefan
collection PubMed
description Laser scanning is a non-invasive method for collecting and parameterizing 3D data of well reflecting objects. These systems have been used for 3D imaging of plant growth and structure analysis. A prerequisite is that the recorded signals originate from the true plant surface. In this paper we studied the effects of species, leaf chlorophyll content and sensor settings on the suitability and accuracy of a commercial 660 nm active laser triangulation scanning device. We found that surface images of Ficus benjamina leaves were inaccurate at low chlorophyll concentrations and a long sensor exposure time. Imaging of the rough waxy leaf surface of leek (Allium porrum) was possible using very low exposure times, whereas at higher exposure times penetration and multiple refraction prevented the correct imaging of the surface. A comparison of scans with varying exposure time enabled the target-oriented analysis to identify chlorotic, necrotic and healthy leaf areas or mildew infestations. We found plant properties and sensor settings to have a strong influence on the accuracy of measurements. These interactions have to be further elucidated before laser imaging of plants is possible with the high accuracy required for e.g., the observation of plant growth or reactions to water stress.
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spelling pubmed-39582802014-03-20 Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging Paulus, Stefan Eichert, Thomas Goldbach, Heiner E. Kuhlmann, Heiner Sensors (Basel) Article Laser scanning is a non-invasive method for collecting and parameterizing 3D data of well reflecting objects. These systems have been used for 3D imaging of plant growth and structure analysis. A prerequisite is that the recorded signals originate from the true plant surface. In this paper we studied the effects of species, leaf chlorophyll content and sensor settings on the suitability and accuracy of a commercial 660 nm active laser triangulation scanning device. We found that surface images of Ficus benjamina leaves were inaccurate at low chlorophyll concentrations and a long sensor exposure time. Imaging of the rough waxy leaf surface of leek (Allium porrum) was possible using very low exposure times, whereas at higher exposure times penetration and multiple refraction prevented the correct imaging of the surface. A comparison of scans with varying exposure time enabled the target-oriented analysis to identify chlorotic, necrotic and healthy leaf areas or mildew infestations. We found plant properties and sensor settings to have a strong influence on the accuracy of measurements. These interactions have to be further elucidated before laser imaging of plants is possible with the high accuracy required for e.g., the observation of plant growth or reactions to water stress. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2014-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3958280/ /pubmed/24504106 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140202489 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Paulus, Stefan
Eichert, Thomas
Goldbach, Heiner E.
Kuhlmann, Heiner
Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging
title Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging
title_full Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging
title_fullStr Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging
title_full_unstemmed Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging
title_short Limits of Active Laser Triangulation as an Instrument for High Precision Plant Imaging
title_sort limits of active laser triangulation as an instrument for high precision plant imaging
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3958280/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24504106
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140202489
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