Clinical characteristics of nonglaucomatous optic disc cupping

Pathological optic disc cupping (ODC) is predominantly referred to as glaucoma; however, it is not only glaucoma that leads to pathological optic disc excavation. A number of other nonglaucomatous diseases also result in optic atrophy and excavation of the optic disc. Therefore, in the present study, the etiology of nonglaucomatous optic disc cupping (NGODC) was analyzed and differentiated from glaucomatous optic disc cupping (GODC). The morphology and clinical data of 19 eyes, from 12 patients exhibiting NGODC, were analyzed. Of the 12 cases, none were diagnosed with glaucoma, four presented with optic neuritis, one with Devic’s disease, one with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, two with pituitary adenoma, one with basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage, one with cilioretinal artery occlusion associated with central retinal vein occlusion, one with central retinal artery occlusion and the remaining patient exhibited optic nerve injuries. The key features that differentiated NGODC from GODC were the color of the optic disc rim and the correlation between visual field defects and the disc appearance. The focally notched disc also aided in distinguishing between the two disorders. The results of the present study indicated that it is critical to acknowledge that nonglaucomatous diseases also lead to ODC and that distinguishing between them is necessary.