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Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea

In dioecious, zoophilous plants potential pollinators have to be attracted to both sexes and switch between individuals of both sexes for pollination to occur. It often has been suggested that males and females require different numbers of visits for maximum reproductive success because male fertili...

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Autores principales: Dötterl, Stefan, Glück, Ulrike, Jürgens, Andreas, Woodring, Joseph, Aas, Gregor
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3968154/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24676333
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093421
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author Dötterl, Stefan
Glück, Ulrike
Jürgens, Andreas
Woodring, Joseph
Aas, Gregor
author_facet Dötterl, Stefan
Glück, Ulrike
Jürgens, Andreas
Woodring, Joseph
Aas, Gregor
author_sort Dötterl, Stefan
collection PubMed
description In dioecious, zoophilous plants potential pollinators have to be attracted to both sexes and switch between individuals of both sexes for pollination to occur. It often has been suggested that males and females require different numbers of visits for maximum reproductive success because male fertility is more likely limited by access to mates, whereas female fertility is rather limited by resource availability. According to sexual selection theory, males therefore should invest more in pollinator attraction (advertisement, reward) than females. However, our knowledge on the sex specific investment in floral rewards and advertisement, and its effects on pollinator behaviour is limited. Here, we use an approach that includes chemical, spectrophotometric, and behavioural studies i) to elucidate differences in floral nectar reward and advertisement (visual, olfactory cues) in dioecious sallow, Salix caprea, ii) to determine the relative importance of visual and olfactory floral cues in attracting honey bee pollinators, and iii) to test for differential attractiveness of female and male inflorescence cues to honey bees. Nectar amount and sugar concentration are comparable, but sugar composition varies between the sexes. Olfactory sallow cues are more attractive to honey bees than visual cues; however, a combination of both cues elicits the strongest behavioural responses in bees. Male flowers are due to the yellow pollen more colourful and emit a higher amount of scent than females. Honey bees prefer the visual but not the olfactory display of males over those of females. In all, the data of our multifaceted study are consistent with the sexual selection theory and provide novel insights on how the model organism honey bee uses visual and olfactory floral cues for locating host plants.
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spelling pubmed-39681542014-04-01 Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea Dötterl, Stefan Glück, Ulrike Jürgens, Andreas Woodring, Joseph Aas, Gregor PLoS One Research Article In dioecious, zoophilous plants potential pollinators have to be attracted to both sexes and switch between individuals of both sexes for pollination to occur. It often has been suggested that males and females require different numbers of visits for maximum reproductive success because male fertility is more likely limited by access to mates, whereas female fertility is rather limited by resource availability. According to sexual selection theory, males therefore should invest more in pollinator attraction (advertisement, reward) than females. However, our knowledge on the sex specific investment in floral rewards and advertisement, and its effects on pollinator behaviour is limited. Here, we use an approach that includes chemical, spectrophotometric, and behavioural studies i) to elucidate differences in floral nectar reward and advertisement (visual, olfactory cues) in dioecious sallow, Salix caprea, ii) to determine the relative importance of visual and olfactory floral cues in attracting honey bee pollinators, and iii) to test for differential attractiveness of female and male inflorescence cues to honey bees. Nectar amount and sugar concentration are comparable, but sugar composition varies between the sexes. Olfactory sallow cues are more attractive to honey bees than visual cues; however, a combination of both cues elicits the strongest behavioural responses in bees. Male flowers are due to the yellow pollen more colourful and emit a higher amount of scent than females. Honey bees prefer the visual but not the olfactory display of males over those of females. In all, the data of our multifaceted study are consistent with the sexual selection theory and provide novel insights on how the model organism honey bee uses visual and olfactory floral cues for locating host plants. Public Library of Science 2014-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3968154/ /pubmed/24676333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093421 Text en © 2014 Dötterl et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Dötterl, Stefan
Glück, Ulrike
Jürgens, Andreas
Woodring, Joseph
Aas, Gregor
Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea
title Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea
title_full Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea
title_fullStr Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea
title_full_unstemmed Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea
title_short Floral Reward, Advertisement and Attractiveness to Honey Bees in Dioecious Salix caprea
title_sort floral reward, advertisement and attractiveness to honey bees in dioecious salix caprea
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3968154/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24676333
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093421
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