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Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella

In a multitude of life's processes, cilia and flagella are found indispensable. Recently, the biflagellated chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas has become a model organism for the study of ciliary motility and synchronization. Here, we use high-speed, high-resolution imaging of single pipette-held c...

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Autores principales: Wan, Kirsty Y., Leptos, Kyriacos C., Goldstein, Raymond E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3973360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24573332
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1160
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author Wan, Kirsty Y.
Leptos, Kyriacos C.
Goldstein, Raymond E.
author_facet Wan, Kirsty Y.
Leptos, Kyriacos C.
Goldstein, Raymond E.
author_sort Wan, Kirsty Y.
collection PubMed
description In a multitude of life's processes, cilia and flagella are found indispensable. Recently, the biflagellated chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas has become a model organism for the study of ciliary motility and synchronization. Here, we use high-speed, high-resolution imaging of single pipette-held cells to quantify the rich dynamics exhibited by their flagella. Underlying this variability in behaviour are biological dissimilarities between the two flagella—termed cis and trans, with respect to a unique eyespot. With emphasis on the wild-type, we derive limit cycles and phase parametrizations for self-sustained flagellar oscillations from digitally tracked flagellar waveforms. Characterizing interflagellar phase synchrony via a simple model of coupled oscillators with noise, we find that during the canonical swimming breaststroke the cis flagellum is consistently phase-lagged relative to, while remaining robustly phase-locked with, the trans flagellum. Transient loss of synchrony, or phase slippage, may be triggered stochastically, in which the trans flagellum transitions to a second mode of beating with attenuated beat envelope and increased frequency. Further, exploiting this alga's ability for flagellar regeneration, we mechanically induced removal of one or the other flagellum of the same cell to reveal a striking disparity between the beatings of the cis and trans flagella, in isolation. These results are evaluated in the context of the dynamic coordination of Chlamydomonas flagella.
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spelling pubmed-39733602014-05-06 Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella Wan, Kirsty Y. Leptos, Kyriacos C. Goldstein, Raymond E. J R Soc Interface Research Articles In a multitude of life's processes, cilia and flagella are found indispensable. Recently, the biflagellated chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas has become a model organism for the study of ciliary motility and synchronization. Here, we use high-speed, high-resolution imaging of single pipette-held cells to quantify the rich dynamics exhibited by their flagella. Underlying this variability in behaviour are biological dissimilarities between the two flagella—termed cis and trans, with respect to a unique eyespot. With emphasis on the wild-type, we derive limit cycles and phase parametrizations for self-sustained flagellar oscillations from digitally tracked flagellar waveforms. Characterizing interflagellar phase synchrony via a simple model of coupled oscillators with noise, we find that during the canonical swimming breaststroke the cis flagellum is consistently phase-lagged relative to, while remaining robustly phase-locked with, the trans flagellum. Transient loss of synchrony, or phase slippage, may be triggered stochastically, in which the trans flagellum transitions to a second mode of beating with attenuated beat envelope and increased frequency. Further, exploiting this alga's ability for flagellar regeneration, we mechanically induced removal of one or the other flagellum of the same cell to reveal a striking disparity between the beatings of the cis and trans flagella, in isolation. These results are evaluated in the context of the dynamic coordination of Chlamydomonas flagella. The Royal Society 2014-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3973360/ /pubmed/24573332 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1160 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ © 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Wan, Kirsty Y.
Leptos, Kyriacos C.
Goldstein, Raymond E.
Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella
title Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella
title_full Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella
title_fullStr Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella
title_full_unstemmed Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella
title_short Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella
title_sort lag, lock, sync, slip: the many ‘phases’ of coupled flagella
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3973360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24573332
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1160
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