Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance
The role that environmental contamination might play as a reservoir and a possible source of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for patients and personnel at equine veterinary hospitals remains undefined, as the environment has only been monitored during outbreaks or for short period...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3974172/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24641543 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-45-31 |
_version_ | 1782479442847727616 |
---|---|
author | van Balen, Joany Mowery, Jade Piraino-Sandoval, Micha Nava-Hoet, Rocio C Kohn, Catherine Hoet, Armando E |
author_facet | van Balen, Joany Mowery, Jade Piraino-Sandoval, Micha Nava-Hoet, Rocio C Kohn, Catherine Hoet, Armando E |
author_sort | van Balen, Joany |
collection | PubMed |
description | The role that environmental contamination might play as a reservoir and a possible source of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for patients and personnel at equine veterinary hospitals remains undefined, as the environment has only been monitored during outbreaks or for short periods. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the monthly presence, distribution, and characteristics of environmental MRSA at an equine hospital, and to establish patterns of contamination over time using molecular epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance was performed targeting the environment and incoming patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec typing, PFGE typing, and dendrographic analysis were used to characterize and analyze these isolates. Overall, 8.6% of the surfaces and 5.8% of the horses sampled were positive for MRSA. The most common contaminated surfaces were: computers, feed-water buckets, and surgery tables-mats. Ninety percent of the isolates carried SCCmec type IV, and 62.0% were classified as USA500. Molecular analysis showed that new pulsotypes were constantly introduced into the hospital throughout the year. However, maintenance of strains in the environment was also observed when unique clones were detected for 2 consecutive months on the same surfaces. Additionally, pulsotypes were circulating throughout several areas and different contact surfaces of the hospital. Based on these results, it is evident that MRSA is constantly introduced and frequently found in the equine hospital environment, and that some contact surfaces could act as “hot-spots”. These contaminated surfaces should be actively targeted for strict cleaning and disinfection as well as regular monitoring. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3974172 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39741722014-04-04 Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance van Balen, Joany Mowery, Jade Piraino-Sandoval, Micha Nava-Hoet, Rocio C Kohn, Catherine Hoet, Armando E Vet Res Research The role that environmental contamination might play as a reservoir and a possible source of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for patients and personnel at equine veterinary hospitals remains undefined, as the environment has only been monitored during outbreaks or for short periods. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the monthly presence, distribution, and characteristics of environmental MRSA at an equine hospital, and to establish patterns of contamination over time using molecular epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance was performed targeting the environment and incoming patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec typing, PFGE typing, and dendrographic analysis were used to characterize and analyze these isolates. Overall, 8.6% of the surfaces and 5.8% of the horses sampled were positive for MRSA. The most common contaminated surfaces were: computers, feed-water buckets, and surgery tables-mats. Ninety percent of the isolates carried SCCmec type IV, and 62.0% were classified as USA500. Molecular analysis showed that new pulsotypes were constantly introduced into the hospital throughout the year. However, maintenance of strains in the environment was also observed when unique clones were detected for 2 consecutive months on the same surfaces. Additionally, pulsotypes were circulating throughout several areas and different contact surfaces of the hospital. Based on these results, it is evident that MRSA is constantly introduced and frequently found in the equine hospital environment, and that some contact surfaces could act as “hot-spots”. These contaminated surfaces should be actively targeted for strict cleaning and disinfection as well as regular monitoring. BioMed Central 2014 2014-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3974172/ /pubmed/24641543 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-45-31 Text en Copyright © 2014 van Balen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research van Balen, Joany Mowery, Jade Piraino-Sandoval, Micha Nava-Hoet, Rocio C Kohn, Catherine Hoet, Armando E Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance |
title | Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance |
title_full | Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance |
title_fullStr | Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance |
title_short | Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance |
title_sort | molecular epidemiology of environmental mrsa at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3974172/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24641543 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-45-31 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT vanbalenjoany molecularepidemiologyofenvironmentalmrsaatanequineteachinghospitalintroductioncirculationandmaintenance AT moweryjade molecularepidemiologyofenvironmentalmrsaatanequineteachinghospitalintroductioncirculationandmaintenance AT pirainosandovalmicha molecularepidemiologyofenvironmentalmrsaatanequineteachinghospitalintroductioncirculationandmaintenance AT navahoetrocioc molecularepidemiologyofenvironmentalmrsaatanequineteachinghospitalintroductioncirculationandmaintenance AT kohncatherine molecularepidemiologyofenvironmentalmrsaatanequineteachinghospitalintroductioncirculationandmaintenance AT hoetarmandoe molecularepidemiologyofenvironmentalmrsaatanequineteachinghospitalintroductioncirculationandmaintenance |