Cargando…

What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues

For effective social interactions with other people, information about the physical environment must be integrated with information about the interaction partner. In order to achieve this, processing of social information is guided by two components: a bottom-up mechanism reflexively triggered by st...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wiese, Eva, Wykowska, Agnieszka, Müller, Hermann J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3983279/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24722348
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094529
_version_ 1782311296090243072
author Wiese, Eva
Wykowska, Agnieszka
Müller, Hermann J.
author_facet Wiese, Eva
Wykowska, Agnieszka
Müller, Hermann J.
author_sort Wiese, Eva
collection PubMed
description For effective social interactions with other people, information about the physical environment must be integrated with information about the interaction partner. In order to achieve this, processing of social information is guided by two components: a bottom-up mechanism reflexively triggered by stimulus-related information in the social scene and a top-down mechanism activated by task-related context information. In the present study, we investigated whether these components interact during attentional orienting to gaze direction. In particular, we examined whether the spatial specificity of gaze cueing is modulated by expectations about the reliability of gaze behavior. Expectations were either induced by instruction or could be derived from experience with displayed gaze behavior. Spatially specific cueing effects were observed with highly predictive gaze cues, but also when participants merely believed that actually non-predictive cues were highly predictive. Conversely, cueing effects for the whole gazed-at hemifield were observed with non-predictive gaze cues, and spatially specific cueing effects were attenuated when actually predictive gaze cues were believed to be non-predictive. This pattern indicates that (i) information about cue predictivity gained from sampling gaze behavior across social episodes can be incorporated in the attentional orienting to social cues, and that (ii) beliefs about gaze behavior modulate attentional orienting to gaze direction even when they contradict information available from social episodes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3983279
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-39832792014-04-15 What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues Wiese, Eva Wykowska, Agnieszka Müller, Hermann J. PLoS One Research Article For effective social interactions with other people, information about the physical environment must be integrated with information about the interaction partner. In order to achieve this, processing of social information is guided by two components: a bottom-up mechanism reflexively triggered by stimulus-related information in the social scene and a top-down mechanism activated by task-related context information. In the present study, we investigated whether these components interact during attentional orienting to gaze direction. In particular, we examined whether the spatial specificity of gaze cueing is modulated by expectations about the reliability of gaze behavior. Expectations were either induced by instruction or could be derived from experience with displayed gaze behavior. Spatially specific cueing effects were observed with highly predictive gaze cues, but also when participants merely believed that actually non-predictive cues were highly predictive. Conversely, cueing effects for the whole gazed-at hemifield were observed with non-predictive gaze cues, and spatially specific cueing effects were attenuated when actually predictive gaze cues were believed to be non-predictive. This pattern indicates that (i) information about cue predictivity gained from sampling gaze behavior across social episodes can be incorporated in the attentional orienting to social cues, and that (ii) beliefs about gaze behavior modulate attentional orienting to gaze direction even when they contradict information available from social episodes. Public Library of Science 2014-04-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3983279/ /pubmed/24722348 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094529 Text en © 2014 Wiese et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wiese, Eva
Wykowska, Agnieszka
Müller, Hermann J.
What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues
title What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues
title_full What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues
title_fullStr What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues
title_full_unstemmed What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues
title_short What We Observe Is Biased by What Other People Tell Us: Beliefs about the Reliability of Gaze Behavior Modulate Attentional Orienting to Gaze Cues
title_sort what we observe is biased by what other people tell us: beliefs about the reliability of gaze behavior modulate attentional orienting to gaze cues
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3983279/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24722348
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094529
work_keys_str_mv AT wieseeva whatweobserveisbiasedbywhatotherpeopletellusbeliefsaboutthereliabilityofgazebehaviormodulateattentionalorientingtogazecues
AT wykowskaagnieszka whatweobserveisbiasedbywhatotherpeopletellusbeliefsaboutthereliabilityofgazebehaviormodulateattentionalorientingtogazecues
AT mullerhermannj whatweobserveisbiasedbywhatotherpeopletellusbeliefsaboutthereliabilityofgazebehaviormodulateattentionalorientingtogazecues