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The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1
RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcribes RNA within a chromatin context, with nucleosomes acting as barriers to transcription. Despite these barriers, transcription through chromatin in vivo is highly efficient, suggesting the existence of factors that overcome this obstacle. To increase the resolution...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3983905/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24737864 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042 |
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author | Skene, Peter J Hernandez, Aaron E Groudine, Mark Henikoff, Steven |
author_facet | Skene, Peter J Hernandez, Aaron E Groudine, Mark Henikoff, Steven |
author_sort | Skene, Peter J |
collection | PubMed |
description | RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcribes RNA within a chromatin context, with nucleosomes acting as barriers to transcription. Despite these barriers, transcription through chromatin in vivo is highly efficient, suggesting the existence of factors that overcome this obstacle. To increase the resolution obtained by standard chromatin immunoprecipitation, we developed a novel strategy using micrococcal nuclease digestion of cross-linked chromatin. We find that the chromatin remodeler Chd1 is recruited to promoter proximal nucleosomes of genes undergoing active transcription, where Chd1 is responsible for the vast majority of PolII-directed nucleosome turnover. The expression of a dominant negative form of Chd1 results in increased stalling of PolII past the entry site of the promoter proximal nucleosomes. We find that Chd1 evicts nucleosomes downstream of the promoter in order to overcome the nucleosomal barrier and enable PolII promoter escape, thus providing mechanistic insight into the role of Chd1 in transcription and pluripotency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042.001 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3983905 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39839052014-04-24 The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 Skene, Peter J Hernandez, Aaron E Groudine, Mark Henikoff, Steven eLife Genes and Chromosomes RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcribes RNA within a chromatin context, with nucleosomes acting as barriers to transcription. Despite these barriers, transcription through chromatin in vivo is highly efficient, suggesting the existence of factors that overcome this obstacle. To increase the resolution obtained by standard chromatin immunoprecipitation, we developed a novel strategy using micrococcal nuclease digestion of cross-linked chromatin. We find that the chromatin remodeler Chd1 is recruited to promoter proximal nucleosomes of genes undergoing active transcription, where Chd1 is responsible for the vast majority of PolII-directed nucleosome turnover. The expression of a dominant negative form of Chd1 results in increased stalling of PolII past the entry site of the promoter proximal nucleosomes. We find that Chd1 evicts nucleosomes downstream of the promoter in order to overcome the nucleosomal barrier and enable PolII promoter escape, thus providing mechanistic insight into the role of Chd1 in transcription and pluripotency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042.001 eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2014-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3983905/ /pubmed/24737864 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042 Text en Copyright © 2014, Skene et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Genes and Chromosomes Skene, Peter J Hernandez, Aaron E Groudine, Mark Henikoff, Steven The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 |
title | The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 |
title_full | The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 |
title_fullStr | The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 |
title_full_unstemmed | The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 |
title_short | The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 |
title_sort | nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by rna polymerase ii is overcome by the chromatin remodeler chd1 |
topic | Genes and Chromosomes |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3983905/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24737864 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042 |
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