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The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1

RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcribes RNA within a chromatin context, with nucleosomes acting as barriers to transcription. Despite these barriers, transcription through chromatin in vivo is highly efficient, suggesting the existence of factors that overcome this obstacle. To increase the resolution...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Skene, Peter J, Hernandez, Aaron E, Groudine, Mark, Henikoff, Steven
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3983905/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24737864
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042
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author Skene, Peter J
Hernandez, Aaron E
Groudine, Mark
Henikoff, Steven
author_facet Skene, Peter J
Hernandez, Aaron E
Groudine, Mark
Henikoff, Steven
author_sort Skene, Peter J
collection PubMed
description RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcribes RNA within a chromatin context, with nucleosomes acting as barriers to transcription. Despite these barriers, transcription through chromatin in vivo is highly efficient, suggesting the existence of factors that overcome this obstacle. To increase the resolution obtained by standard chromatin immunoprecipitation, we developed a novel strategy using micrococcal nuclease digestion of cross-linked chromatin. We find that the chromatin remodeler Chd1 is recruited to promoter proximal nucleosomes of genes undergoing active transcription, where Chd1 is responsible for the vast majority of PolII-directed nucleosome turnover. The expression of a dominant negative form of Chd1 results in increased stalling of PolII past the entry site of the promoter proximal nucleosomes. We find that Chd1 evicts nucleosomes downstream of the promoter in order to overcome the nucleosomal barrier and enable PolII promoter escape, thus providing mechanistic insight into the role of Chd1 in transcription and pluripotency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042.001
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spelling pubmed-39839052014-04-24 The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1 Skene, Peter J Hernandez, Aaron E Groudine, Mark Henikoff, Steven eLife Genes and Chromosomes RNA polymerase II (PolII) transcribes RNA within a chromatin context, with nucleosomes acting as barriers to transcription. Despite these barriers, transcription through chromatin in vivo is highly efficient, suggesting the existence of factors that overcome this obstacle. To increase the resolution obtained by standard chromatin immunoprecipitation, we developed a novel strategy using micrococcal nuclease digestion of cross-linked chromatin. We find that the chromatin remodeler Chd1 is recruited to promoter proximal nucleosomes of genes undergoing active transcription, where Chd1 is responsible for the vast majority of PolII-directed nucleosome turnover. The expression of a dominant negative form of Chd1 results in increased stalling of PolII past the entry site of the promoter proximal nucleosomes. We find that Chd1 evicts nucleosomes downstream of the promoter in order to overcome the nucleosomal barrier and enable PolII promoter escape, thus providing mechanistic insight into the role of Chd1 in transcription and pluripotency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042.001 eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2014-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3983905/ /pubmed/24737864 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042 Text en Copyright © 2014, Skene et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Genes and Chromosomes
Skene, Peter J
Hernandez, Aaron E
Groudine, Mark
Henikoff, Steven
The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1
title The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1
title_full The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1
title_fullStr The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1
title_full_unstemmed The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1
title_short The nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is overcome by the chromatin remodeler Chd1
title_sort nucleosomal barrier to promoter escape by rna polymerase ii is overcome by the chromatin remodeler chd1
topic Genes and Chromosomes
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3983905/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24737864
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02042
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