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Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury
There is strong evidence indicating that the social environment triggers changes to the psychological stress response and glucocorticoid receptor function. Considerable literature links the subsequent changes in stress resiliency to physical health. Here, converging evidence for the modulatory role...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24782818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00044 |
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author | Maldonado Bouchard, Sioui Hook, Michelle A. |
author_facet | Maldonado Bouchard, Sioui Hook, Michelle A. |
author_sort | Maldonado Bouchard, Sioui |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is strong evidence indicating that the social environment triggers changes to the psychological stress response and glucocorticoid receptor function. Considerable literature links the subsequent changes in stress resiliency to physical health. Here, converging evidence for the modulatory role of chronic psychological stress in the recovery process following spinal cord injury (SCI) is presented. Despite the considerable advances in SCI research, we are still unable to identify the causes of variability in patients’ recovery following injury. We propose that individuals’ past and present life experiences (in the form of stress exposure) may significantly modulate patients’ outcome post-SCI. We propose a theoretical model to explain the negative impact of chronic psychological stress on physical and psychological recovery. The stress experienced in life prior to SCI and also as a result of the traumatic injury, could compromise glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and function, and contribute to high levels of inflammation and apoptosis post-SCI, decreasing the tissue remaining at the injury site and undermining recovery of function. Both stress-induced glucocorticoid resistance and stress-induced epigenetic changes to the glucocorticoid receptor can modulate the nuclear factor-kappa B regulated inflammatory pathways and the Bcl-2 regulated apoptosis pathways. This model not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of the recovery process following injury, but also provides concrete testable hypotheses for future studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3988397 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39883972014-04-29 Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury Maldonado Bouchard, Sioui Hook, Michelle A. Front Neurol Neuroscience There is strong evidence indicating that the social environment triggers changes to the psychological stress response and glucocorticoid receptor function. Considerable literature links the subsequent changes in stress resiliency to physical health. Here, converging evidence for the modulatory role of chronic psychological stress in the recovery process following spinal cord injury (SCI) is presented. Despite the considerable advances in SCI research, we are still unable to identify the causes of variability in patients’ recovery following injury. We propose that individuals’ past and present life experiences (in the form of stress exposure) may significantly modulate patients’ outcome post-SCI. We propose a theoretical model to explain the negative impact of chronic psychological stress on physical and psychological recovery. The stress experienced in life prior to SCI and also as a result of the traumatic injury, could compromise glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and function, and contribute to high levels of inflammation and apoptosis post-SCI, decreasing the tissue remaining at the injury site and undermining recovery of function. Both stress-induced glucocorticoid resistance and stress-induced epigenetic changes to the glucocorticoid receptor can modulate the nuclear factor-kappa B regulated inflammatory pathways and the Bcl-2 regulated apoptosis pathways. This model not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of the recovery process following injury, but also provides concrete testable hypotheses for future studies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3988397/ /pubmed/24782818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00044 Text en Copyright © 2014 Maldonado Bouchard and Hook. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Maldonado Bouchard, Sioui Hook, Michelle A. Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury |
title | Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury |
title_full | Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury |
title_fullStr | Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury |
title_short | Psychological Stress as a Modulator of Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury |
title_sort | psychological stress as a modulator of functional recovery following spinal cord injury |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24782818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00044 |
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