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Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia

Livestock export is vital to the Somali economy. To protect Somali livestock exports from costly import bans used to control the international spread of disease, better certification of livestock health status is required. We performed quantitative risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis on...

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Autores principales: Knight-Jones, T.J.D., Njeumi, F., Elsawalhy, A., Wabacha, J., Rushton, J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Scientific Publishing 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3989042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24462194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.01.003
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author Knight-Jones, T.J.D.
Njeumi, F.
Elsawalhy, A.
Wabacha, J.
Rushton, J.
author_facet Knight-Jones, T.J.D.
Njeumi, F.
Elsawalhy, A.
Wabacha, J.
Rushton, J.
author_sort Knight-Jones, T.J.D.
collection PubMed
description Livestock export is vital to the Somali economy. To protect Somali livestock exports from costly import bans used to control the international spread of disease, better certification of livestock health status is required. We performed quantitative risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis on different health certification protocols for Somali livestock exports for six transboundary diseases. Examining stock at regional markets alone without port inspection and quarantine was inexpensive but was ineffective for all but contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and peste des petits ruminants. While extended pre-export quarantine improves detection of infections that cause clinical disease, if biosecurity is suboptimal quarantine provides an opportunity for transmission and increased risk. Clinical examination, laboratory screening and vaccination of animals for key diseases before entry to the quarantine station reduced the risk of an exported animal being infected. If vaccination could be reliably performed weeks before arrival at quarantine its effect would be greatly enhanced. The optimal certification method depends on the disease. Laboratory diagnostic testing was particularly important for detecting infections with limited clinical signs in male animals (only males are exported); for Rift Valley fever (RVF) the probability of detection was 99% or 0% with and without testing. Based on our findings animal inspection and certification at regional markets combined with quarantine inspection and certification would reduce the risk of exporting infected animals and enhance disease control at the regional level. This is especially so for key priority diseases, that is RVF, foot-and-mouth disease and Brucellosis. Increased data collection and testing should be applied at point of production and export.
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spelling pubmed-39890422014-04-17 Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia Knight-Jones, T.J.D. Njeumi, F. Elsawalhy, A. Wabacha, J. Rushton, J. Prev Vet Med Article Livestock export is vital to the Somali economy. To protect Somali livestock exports from costly import bans used to control the international spread of disease, better certification of livestock health status is required. We performed quantitative risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis on different health certification protocols for Somali livestock exports for six transboundary diseases. Examining stock at regional markets alone without port inspection and quarantine was inexpensive but was ineffective for all but contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and peste des petits ruminants. While extended pre-export quarantine improves detection of infections that cause clinical disease, if biosecurity is suboptimal quarantine provides an opportunity for transmission and increased risk. Clinical examination, laboratory screening and vaccination of animals for key diseases before entry to the quarantine station reduced the risk of an exported animal being infected. If vaccination could be reliably performed weeks before arrival at quarantine its effect would be greatly enhanced. The optimal certification method depends on the disease. Laboratory diagnostic testing was particularly important for detecting infections with limited clinical signs in male animals (only males are exported); for Rift Valley fever (RVF) the probability of detection was 99% or 0% with and without testing. Based on our findings animal inspection and certification at regional markets combined with quarantine inspection and certification would reduce the risk of exporting infected animals and enhance disease control at the regional level. This is especially so for key priority diseases, that is RVF, foot-and-mouth disease and Brucellosis. Increased data collection and testing should be applied at point of production and export. Elsevier Scientific Publishing 2014-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3989042/ /pubmed/24462194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.01.003 Text en © 2014 Elsevier B.V. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Knight-Jones, T.J.D.
Njeumi, F.
Elsawalhy, A.
Wabacha, J.
Rushton, J.
Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia
title Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia
title_full Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia
title_fullStr Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia
title_full_unstemmed Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia
title_short Risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in Somalia
title_sort risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of animal health certification methods for livestock export in somalia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3989042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24462194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.01.003
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