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Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach

Finding the most appropriate technology for building electrodes to be used for long term implants in humans is a challenging issue. What are the most appropriate technologies? How could one achieve robustness, stability, compatibility, efficacy, and versatility, for both recording and stimulation? T...

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Autores principales: Castagnola, Elisa, Ansaldo, Alberto, Maggiolini, Emma, Ius, Tamara, Skrap, Miran, Ricci, Davide, Fadiga, Luciano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997015/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneng.2014.00008
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author Castagnola, Elisa
Ansaldo, Alberto
Maggiolini, Emma
Ius, Tamara
Skrap, Miran
Ricci, Davide
Fadiga, Luciano
author_facet Castagnola, Elisa
Ansaldo, Alberto
Maggiolini, Emma
Ius, Tamara
Skrap, Miran
Ricci, Davide
Fadiga, Luciano
author_sort Castagnola, Elisa
collection PubMed
description Finding the most appropriate technology for building electrodes to be used for long term implants in humans is a challenging issue. What are the most appropriate technologies? How could one achieve robustness, stability, compatibility, efficacy, and versatility, for both recording and stimulation? There are no easy answers to these questions as even the most fundamental and apparently obvious factors to be taken into account, such as the necessary mechanical, electrical and biological properties, and their interplay, are under debate. We present here our approach along three fundamental parallel pathways: we reduced electrode invasiveness and size without impairing signal-to-noise ratio, we increased electrode active surface area by depositing nanostructured materials, and we protected the brain from direct contact with the electrode without compromising performance. Altogether, these results converge toward high-resolution ECoG arrays that are soft and adaptable to cortical folds, and have been proven to provide high spatial and temporal resolution. This method provides a piece of work which, in our view, makes several steps ahead in bringing such novel devices into clinical settings, opening new avenues in diagnostics of brain diseases, and neuroprosthetic applications.
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spelling pubmed-39970152014-05-02 Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach Castagnola, Elisa Ansaldo, Alberto Maggiolini, Emma Ius, Tamara Skrap, Miran Ricci, Davide Fadiga, Luciano Front Neuroeng Neuroscience Finding the most appropriate technology for building electrodes to be used for long term implants in humans is a challenging issue. What are the most appropriate technologies? How could one achieve robustness, stability, compatibility, efficacy, and versatility, for both recording and stimulation? There are no easy answers to these questions as even the most fundamental and apparently obvious factors to be taken into account, such as the necessary mechanical, electrical and biological properties, and their interplay, are under debate. We present here our approach along three fundamental parallel pathways: we reduced electrode invasiveness and size without impairing signal-to-noise ratio, we increased electrode active surface area by depositing nanostructured materials, and we protected the brain from direct contact with the electrode without compromising performance. Altogether, these results converge toward high-resolution ECoG arrays that are soft and adaptable to cortical folds, and have been proven to provide high spatial and temporal resolution. This method provides a piece of work which, in our view, makes several steps ahead in bringing such novel devices into clinical settings, opening new avenues in diagnostics of brain diseases, and neuroprosthetic applications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC3997015/ /pubmed/24795621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneng.2014.00008 Text en Copyright © 2014 Castagnola, Ansaldo, Maggiolini, Ius, Skrap, Ricci and Fadiga. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Castagnola, Elisa
Ansaldo, Alberto
Maggiolini, Emma
Ius, Tamara
Skrap, Miran
Ricci, Davide
Fadiga, Luciano
Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach
title Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach
title_full Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach
title_fullStr Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach
title_full_unstemmed Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach
title_short Smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach
title_sort smaller, softer, lower-impedance electrodes for human neuroprosthesis: a pragmatic approach
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997015/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneng.2014.00008
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