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Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review

Otosclerosis is an otodystrophy of the otic capsule and is a cause of conductive, mixed or sensorineural hearing loss in the 2nd to 4th decades of life. Otosclerosis is categorised into two types, fenestral and retrofenestral. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of otoscl...

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Autores principales: Purohit, Bela, Hermans, Robert, Op de beeck, Katya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24510845
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13244-014-0313-9
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author Purohit, Bela
Hermans, Robert
Op de beeck, Katya
author_facet Purohit, Bela
Hermans, Robert
Op de beeck, Katya
author_sort Purohit, Bela
collection PubMed
description Otosclerosis is an otodystrophy of the otic capsule and is a cause of conductive, mixed or sensorineural hearing loss in the 2nd to 4th decades of life. Otosclerosis is categorised into two types, fenestral and retrofenestral. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of otosclerosis. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the temporal bone using 1-mm (or less) thick sections is the modality of choice for assessment of the labyrinthine windows and cochlear capsules. MRI has limited application in the evaluation of the labyrinthine capsules but is useful for assessment of the cochlear lumen prior to cochlear implantation in patients with profound hearing loss. The treatment of fenestral otosclerosis is primarily surgical with stapedectomy and prosthesis insertion. Patients with retrofenestral otosclerosis and profound hearing loss are treated medically using fluorides, but may derive significant benefit from cochlear implantation. This pictorial review aims to acquaint the reader with the pathology and clinical features of otosclerosis, the classical imaging appearances on CT and MRI, a radiological checklist for preoperative CT evaluation of otosclerosis, imaging mimics and a few examples of post-stapedectomy imaging and complications. Teaching points • Otosclerosis causes conductive, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss in adults. • HRCT of the temporal bone is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice. • Stapedectomy is used to treat fenestral otosclerosis. • Fluorides and cochlear implantation are used to treat retrofenestral otosclerosis.
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spelling pubmed-39993642014-04-25 Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review Purohit, Bela Hermans, Robert Op de beeck, Katya Insights Imaging Pictorial Review Otosclerosis is an otodystrophy of the otic capsule and is a cause of conductive, mixed or sensorineural hearing loss in the 2nd to 4th decades of life. Otosclerosis is categorised into two types, fenestral and retrofenestral. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of otosclerosis. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the temporal bone using 1-mm (or less) thick sections is the modality of choice for assessment of the labyrinthine windows and cochlear capsules. MRI has limited application in the evaluation of the labyrinthine capsules but is useful for assessment of the cochlear lumen prior to cochlear implantation in patients with profound hearing loss. The treatment of fenestral otosclerosis is primarily surgical with stapedectomy and prosthesis insertion. Patients with retrofenestral otosclerosis and profound hearing loss are treated medically using fluorides, but may derive significant benefit from cochlear implantation. This pictorial review aims to acquaint the reader with the pathology and clinical features of otosclerosis, the classical imaging appearances on CT and MRI, a radiological checklist for preoperative CT evaluation of otosclerosis, imaging mimics and a few examples of post-stapedectomy imaging and complications. Teaching points • Otosclerosis causes conductive, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss in adults. • HRCT of the temporal bone is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice. • Stapedectomy is used to treat fenestral otosclerosis. • Fluorides and cochlear implantation are used to treat retrofenestral otosclerosis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2014-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3999364/ /pubmed/24510845 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13244-014-0313-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2014 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
spellingShingle Pictorial Review
Purohit, Bela
Hermans, Robert
Op de beeck, Katya
Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review
title Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review
title_full Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review
title_fullStr Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review
title_full_unstemmed Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review
title_short Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review
title_sort imaging in otosclerosis: a pictorial review
topic Pictorial Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24510845
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13244-014-0313-9
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