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Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus
Diatoms are dominant photosynthetic organisms in the world’s oceans and represent a major food source for zooplankton and benthic filter-feeders. However, their beneficial role in sustaining marine food webs has been challenged after the discovery that they produce secondary metabolites, such as pol...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012444/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md12042089 |
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author | Varrella, Stefano Romano, Giovanna Ianora, Adrianna Bentley, Matt G. Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria |
author_facet | Varrella, Stefano Romano, Giovanna Ianora, Adrianna Bentley, Matt G. Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria |
author_sort | Varrella, Stefano |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diatoms are dominant photosynthetic organisms in the world’s oceans and represent a major food source for zooplankton and benthic filter-feeders. However, their beneficial role in sustaining marine food webs has been challenged after the discovery that they produce secondary metabolites, such as polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which negatively affect the reproductive success of many invertebrates. Here, we report the effects of two common diatom PUAs, heptadienal and octadienal, which have never been tested before at the molecular level, using the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, as a model organism. We show that both PUAs are able to induce teratogenesis (i.e., malformations), as already reported for decadienal, the better-studied PUA of this group. Moreover, post-recovery experiments show that embryos can recover after treatment with all three PUAs, indicating that negative effects depend both on PUA concentrations and the exposure time of the embryos to these metabolites. We also identify the time range during which PUAs exert the greatest effect on sea urchin embryogenesis. Finally, we report the expression levels of thirty one genes (having a key role in a broad range of functional responses, such as stress, development, differentiation, skeletogenesis and detoxification processes) in order to identify the common targets affected by PUAs and their correlation with morphological abnormalities. This study opens new perspectives for understanding how marine organisms afford protection from environmental toxicants through an integrated network of genes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4012444 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40124442014-05-07 Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Varrella, Stefano Romano, Giovanna Ianora, Adrianna Bentley, Matt G. Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria Mar Drugs Article Diatoms are dominant photosynthetic organisms in the world’s oceans and represent a major food source for zooplankton and benthic filter-feeders. However, their beneficial role in sustaining marine food webs has been challenged after the discovery that they produce secondary metabolites, such as polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which negatively affect the reproductive success of many invertebrates. Here, we report the effects of two common diatom PUAs, heptadienal and octadienal, which have never been tested before at the molecular level, using the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, as a model organism. We show that both PUAs are able to induce teratogenesis (i.e., malformations), as already reported for decadienal, the better-studied PUA of this group. Moreover, post-recovery experiments show that embryos can recover after treatment with all three PUAs, indicating that negative effects depend both on PUA concentrations and the exposure time of the embryos to these metabolites. We also identify the time range during which PUAs exert the greatest effect on sea urchin embryogenesis. Finally, we report the expression levels of thirty one genes (having a key role in a broad range of functional responses, such as stress, development, differentiation, skeletogenesis and detoxification processes) in order to identify the common targets affected by PUAs and their correlation with morphological abnormalities. This study opens new perspectives for understanding how marine organisms afford protection from environmental toxicants through an integrated network of genes. MDPI 2014-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4012444/ /pubmed/24714125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md12042089 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Varrella, Stefano Romano, Giovanna Ianora, Adrianna Bentley, Matt G. Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus |
title | Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus |
title_full | Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus |
title_fullStr | Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus |
title_short | Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus |
title_sort | molecular response to toxic diatom-derived aldehydes in the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012444/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md12042089 |
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