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Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
The study was to find patterns of progestagen (progesterone and its metabolite) and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations in serum and feces of pregnant Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The 5 female Asian domestic elephants were naturally mated until pregnancy. After that, blood and f...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013362/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0103 |
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author | KAJAYSRI, Jatuporn NOKKAEW, Weerapun |
author_facet | KAJAYSRI, Jatuporn NOKKAEW, Weerapun |
author_sort | KAJAYSRI, Jatuporn |
collection | PubMed |
description | The study was to find patterns of progestagen (progesterone and its metabolite) and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations in serum and feces of pregnant Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The 5 female Asian domestic elephants were naturally mated until pregnancy. After that, blood and feces samples were collected monthly during pregnancy for progestagen, glucocorticoid and their metabolites analysis by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The results showed the serum progestagen concentration during gestation was 2.11 ± 0.60 to 18.44 ± 2.28 ng/ml. Overall, serum progestagen concentration rose from the 1st month to reach peak in the 11th month, after which it declined to its lowest level in the 22nd month of pregnancy. Fecal progestagen concentration varied from 1.18 ± 0.54 to 3.35 ± 0.45 µg/g during pregnancy. In general, fecal progestagen concentration increased from the 1st month to its highest level in the 12th month. After this, it declined reaching its lowest point in the 22nd month of pregnancy. Glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolite concentrations both in serum and feces fluctuated from low to medium throughout almost the entire pregnancy period and then rapidly increased around the last week before calving. Our study suggests that this profile of progestagen and glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolite concentration levels in serum and feces can be used to assess the pregnancy status of Asian elephants. If serum and fecal progestagen concentrations were found in very low levels and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations were found in very high levels, it was indicated that the cow elephant would calve within 7 days. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4013362 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40133622014-05-13 Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) KAJAYSRI, Jatuporn NOKKAEW, Weerapun J Vet Med Sci Theriogenology The study was to find patterns of progestagen (progesterone and its metabolite) and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations in serum and feces of pregnant Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The 5 female Asian domestic elephants were naturally mated until pregnancy. After that, blood and feces samples were collected monthly during pregnancy for progestagen, glucocorticoid and their metabolites analysis by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The results showed the serum progestagen concentration during gestation was 2.11 ± 0.60 to 18.44 ± 2.28 ng/ml. Overall, serum progestagen concentration rose from the 1st month to reach peak in the 11th month, after which it declined to its lowest level in the 22nd month of pregnancy. Fecal progestagen concentration varied from 1.18 ± 0.54 to 3.35 ± 0.45 µg/g during pregnancy. In general, fecal progestagen concentration increased from the 1st month to its highest level in the 12th month. After this, it declined reaching its lowest point in the 22nd month of pregnancy. Glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolite concentrations both in serum and feces fluctuated from low to medium throughout almost the entire pregnancy period and then rapidly increased around the last week before calving. Our study suggests that this profile of progestagen and glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolite concentration levels in serum and feces can be used to assess the pregnancy status of Asian elephants. If serum and fecal progestagen concentrations were found in very low levels and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations were found in very high levels, it was indicated that the cow elephant would calve within 7 days. The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2013-11-19 2014-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4013362/ /pubmed/24257195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0103 Text en ©2014 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. |
spellingShingle | Theriogenology KAJAYSRI, Jatuporn NOKKAEW, Weerapun Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) |
title | Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas
maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their
Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay
(EIA) |
title_full | Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas
maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their
Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay
(EIA) |
title_fullStr | Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas
maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their
Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay
(EIA) |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas
maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their
Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay
(EIA) |
title_short | Assessment of Pregnancy Status of Asian Elephants (Elephas
maximus) by Measurement of Progestagen and Glucocorticoid and Their
Metabolite Concentrations in Serum and Feces, Using Enzyme Immunoassay
(EIA) |
title_sort | assessment of pregnancy status of asian elephants (elephas
maximus) by measurement of progestagen and glucocorticoid and their
metabolite concentrations in serum and feces, using enzyme immunoassay
(eia) |
topic | Theriogenology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013362/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0103 |
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