Cargando…

Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use

To explore breast cancer etiology, literature was searched using Medline. We explored the (1) plausibility of smoking in breast Carcinogenesis; (2) physiological properties, susceptibility windows, and exposure timing of breast cells; (3) role of exogenous hormones in breast Carcinogenesis; (4) biol...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhu, Hong-Hong, Hu, Cao-Hui, Strickland, Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21718589
http://dx.doi.org/10.5732/cjc.010.10534
_version_ 1782315047326842880
author Zhu, Hong-Hong
Hu, Cao-Hui
Strickland, Paul
author_facet Zhu, Hong-Hong
Hu, Cao-Hui
Strickland, Paul
author_sort Zhu, Hong-Hong
collection PubMed
description To explore breast cancer etiology, literature was searched using Medline. We explored the (1) plausibility of smoking in breast Carcinogenesis; (2) physiological properties, susceptibility windows, and exposure timing of breast cells; (3) role of exogenous hormones in breast Carcinogenesis; (4) biological mechanism of synergistic interactions between smoking and exogenous hormones in breast Carcinogenesis; and (5) evidence from epidemiologic studies and the fitted secular trend between smoking rate, exogenous hormone use, and breast cancer incidence in past decades. We deduced that exogenous hormone use per se is not a significant cause and its association with breast cancer is distorted by chronic exposure to environmental carcinogens, especially smoking. We hypothesize that smoking is one of the causes of breast cancer and that this causality is strengthened by synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use. Physicians should be cautious of prescribing exogenous hormones for those with chronic exposure to environmental carcinogens to prevent breast cancer.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4013418
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2011
publisher Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-40134182014-07-25 Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use Zhu, Hong-Hong Hu, Cao-Hui Strickland, Paul Chin J Cancer Perspective To explore breast cancer etiology, literature was searched using Medline. We explored the (1) plausibility of smoking in breast Carcinogenesis; (2) physiological properties, susceptibility windows, and exposure timing of breast cells; (3) role of exogenous hormones in breast Carcinogenesis; (4) biological mechanism of synergistic interactions between smoking and exogenous hormones in breast Carcinogenesis; and (5) evidence from epidemiologic studies and the fitted secular trend between smoking rate, exogenous hormone use, and breast cancer incidence in past decades. We deduced that exogenous hormone use per se is not a significant cause and its association with breast cancer is distorted by chronic exposure to environmental carcinogens, especially smoking. We hypothesize that smoking is one of the causes of breast cancer and that this causality is strengthened by synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use. Physicians should be cautious of prescribing exogenous hormones for those with chronic exposure to environmental carcinogens to prevent breast cancer. Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center 2011-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4013418/ /pubmed/21718589 http://dx.doi.org/10.5732/cjc.010.10534 Text en Chinese Journal of Cancer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which allows readers to alter, transform, or build upon the article and then distribute the resulting work under the same or similar license to this one. The work must be attributed back to the original author and commercial use is not permitted without specific permission.
spellingShingle Perspective
Zhu, Hong-Hong
Hu, Cao-Hui
Strickland, Paul
Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use
title Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use
title_full Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use
title_fullStr Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use
title_full_unstemmed Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use
title_short Perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use
title_sort perspectives of breast cancer etiology: synergistic interaction between smoking and exogenous hormone use
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21718589
http://dx.doi.org/10.5732/cjc.010.10534
work_keys_str_mv AT zhuhonghong perspectivesofbreastcanceretiologysynergisticinteractionbetweensmokingandexogenoushormoneuse
AT hucaohui perspectivesofbreastcanceretiologysynergisticinteractionbetweensmokingandexogenoushormoneuse
AT stricklandpaul perspectivesofbreastcanceretiologysynergisticinteractionbetweensmokingandexogenoushormoneuse