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Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is the first Bacillus thuringiensis to be found and used as an effective biological control agent against larvae of many mosquito and black fly species around the world. Its larvicidal activity resides in four major (of 134, 128, 72 and 27 kDa) and at...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4014730/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24686769 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6041222 |
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author | Ben-Dov, Eitan |
author_facet | Ben-Dov, Eitan |
author_sort | Ben-Dov, Eitan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is the first Bacillus thuringiensis to be found and used as an effective biological control agent against larvae of many mosquito and black fly species around the world. Its larvicidal activity resides in four major (of 134, 128, 72 and 27 kDa) and at least two minor (of 78 and 29 kDa) polypeptides encoded respectively by cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry11Aa, cyt1Aa, cry10Aa and cyt2Ba, all mapped on the 128 kb plasmid known as pBtoxis. These six δ-endotoxins form a complex parasporal crystalline body with remarkably high, specific and different toxicities to Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae. Cry toxins are composed of three domains (perforating domain I and receptor binding II and III) and create cation-selective channels, whereas Cyts are composed of one domain that acts as well as a detergent-like membrane perforator. Despite the low toxicities of Cyt1Aa and Cyt2Ba alone against exposed larvae, they are highly synergistic with the Cry toxins and hence their combinations prevent emergence of resistance in the targets. The lack of significant levels of resistance in field mosquito populations treated for decades with Bti-bioinsecticide suggests that this bacterium will be an effective biocontrol agent for years to come. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4014730 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40147302014-05-09 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins Ben-Dov, Eitan Toxins (Basel) Review Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is the first Bacillus thuringiensis to be found and used as an effective biological control agent against larvae of many mosquito and black fly species around the world. Its larvicidal activity resides in four major (of 134, 128, 72 and 27 kDa) and at least two minor (of 78 and 29 kDa) polypeptides encoded respectively by cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry11Aa, cyt1Aa, cry10Aa and cyt2Ba, all mapped on the 128 kb plasmid known as pBtoxis. These six δ-endotoxins form a complex parasporal crystalline body with remarkably high, specific and different toxicities to Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae. Cry toxins are composed of three domains (perforating domain I and receptor binding II and III) and create cation-selective channels, whereas Cyts are composed of one domain that acts as well as a detergent-like membrane perforator. Despite the low toxicities of Cyt1Aa and Cyt2Ba alone against exposed larvae, they are highly synergistic with the Cry toxins and hence their combinations prevent emergence of resistance in the targets. The lack of significant levels of resistance in field mosquito populations treated for decades with Bti-bioinsecticide suggests that this bacterium will be an effective biocontrol agent for years to come. MDPI 2014-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4014730/ /pubmed/24686769 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6041222 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ben-Dov, Eitan Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins |
title | Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins |
title_full | Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins |
title_fullStr | Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins |
title_short | Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins |
title_sort | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and its dipteran-specific toxins |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4014730/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24686769 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6041222 |
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