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Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice
BACKGROUND: Marine derived oils are rich in long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have long been associated with health promoting effects such as reduced plasma lipid levels and anti-inflammatory effects. Krill...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4021563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24834104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-20 |
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author | Tillander, Veronika Bjørndal, Bodil Burri, Lena Bohov, Pavol Skorve, Jon Berge, Rolf K Alexson, Stefan EH |
author_facet | Tillander, Veronika Bjørndal, Bodil Burri, Lena Bohov, Pavol Skorve, Jon Berge, Rolf K Alexson, Stefan EH |
author_sort | Tillander, Veronika |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Marine derived oils are rich in long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have long been associated with health promoting effects such as reduced plasma lipid levels and anti-inflammatory effects. Krill oil (KO) is a novel marine oil on the market and is also rich in EPA and DHA, but the fatty acids are incorporated mainly into phospholipids (PLs) rather than triacylglycerols (TAG). This study compares the effects of fish oil (FO) and KO on gene regulation that influences plasma and liver lipids in a high fat diet mouse model. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HF) containing 24% (wt/wt) fat (21.3% lard and 2.3% soy oil), or the HF diet supplemented with FO (15.7% lard, 2.3% soy oil and 5.8% FO) or KO (15.6% lard, 2.3% soy oil and 5.7% KO) for 6 weeks. Total levels of cholesterol, TAG, PLs, and fatty acid composition were measured in plasma and liver. Gene regulation was investigated using quantitative PCR in liver and intestinal epithelium. RESULTS: Plasma cholesterol (esterified and unesterified), TAG and PLs were significantly decreased with FO. Analysis of the plasma lipoprotein particles indicated that the lipid lowering effect by FO is at least in part due to decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) content in plasma with subsequent liver lipid accumulation. KO lowered plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) with a minor effect on fatty acid accumulation in the liver. In spite of a lower omega-3 fatty acid content in the KO supplemented diet, plasma and liver PLs omega-3 levels were similar in the two groups, indicating a higher bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids from KO. KO more efficiently decreased arachidonic acid and its elongation/desaturation products in plasma and liver. FO mainly increased the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, while KO specifically decreased the expression of genes involved in the early steps of isoprenoid/cholesterol and lipid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that both FO and KO promote lowering of plasma lipids and regulate lipid homeostasis, but with different efficiency and partially via different mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4021563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40215632014-05-16 Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice Tillander, Veronika Bjørndal, Bodil Burri, Lena Bohov, Pavol Skorve, Jon Berge, Rolf K Alexson, Stefan EH Nutr Metab (Lond) Research BACKGROUND: Marine derived oils are rich in long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have long been associated with health promoting effects such as reduced plasma lipid levels and anti-inflammatory effects. Krill oil (KO) is a novel marine oil on the market and is also rich in EPA and DHA, but the fatty acids are incorporated mainly into phospholipids (PLs) rather than triacylglycerols (TAG). This study compares the effects of fish oil (FO) and KO on gene regulation that influences plasma and liver lipids in a high fat diet mouse model. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HF) containing 24% (wt/wt) fat (21.3% lard and 2.3% soy oil), or the HF diet supplemented with FO (15.7% lard, 2.3% soy oil and 5.8% FO) or KO (15.6% lard, 2.3% soy oil and 5.7% KO) for 6 weeks. Total levels of cholesterol, TAG, PLs, and fatty acid composition were measured in plasma and liver. Gene regulation was investigated using quantitative PCR in liver and intestinal epithelium. RESULTS: Plasma cholesterol (esterified and unesterified), TAG and PLs were significantly decreased with FO. Analysis of the plasma lipoprotein particles indicated that the lipid lowering effect by FO is at least in part due to decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) content in plasma with subsequent liver lipid accumulation. KO lowered plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) with a minor effect on fatty acid accumulation in the liver. In spite of a lower omega-3 fatty acid content in the KO supplemented diet, plasma and liver PLs omega-3 levels were similar in the two groups, indicating a higher bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids from KO. KO more efficiently decreased arachidonic acid and its elongation/desaturation products in plasma and liver. FO mainly increased the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, while KO specifically decreased the expression of genes involved in the early steps of isoprenoid/cholesterol and lipid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that both FO and KO promote lowering of plasma lipids and regulate lipid homeostasis, but with different efficiency and partially via different mechanisms. BioMed Central 2014-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4021563/ /pubmed/24834104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-20 Text en Copyright © 2014 Tillander et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Tillander, Veronika Bjørndal, Bodil Burri, Lena Bohov, Pavol Skorve, Jon Berge, Rolf K Alexson, Stefan EH Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice |
title | Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice |
title_full | Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice |
title_fullStr | Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice |
title_short | Fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice |
title_sort | fish oil and krill oil supplementations differentially regulate lipid catabolic and synthetic pathways in mice |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4021563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24834104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-20 |
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