Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient with Metastatic Colon Cancer after Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin and Oxaliplatin: Case Report and Literature Review

Development of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) may occur after chemotherapy or spontaneously in bulky or rapidly growing tumors. This syndrome is frequent but preventable in patients with hematologic malignancies. TLS following therapy has been reported infrequently in various types of solid tumors. TLS associated with oxaliplatin containing chemotherapy in a solid tumor has never been reported. A 59-year-old man received 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer. Development of TLS occurred three days after administration of chemotherapy. Two days later, his abnormal laboratory findings were recovered with appropriate management. To the best of our knowledge, the current case is the first report on development of acute TLS following oxaliplatin containing chemotherapy in a patient with colon cancer. We also review the literature on tumor lysis syndrome in patients with colorectal cancer.