Cargando…
Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms
Messenger RNA 3′-end formation is an essential posttranscriptional processing step for most eukaryotic genes. Different from plants and animals where AAUAAA and its variants routinely are found as the main poly(A) signal, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii uses UGUAA as the major poly(A) signal. The advance...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Genetics Society of America
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626288 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.010249 |
_version_ | 1782316770116239360 |
---|---|
author | Zhao, Zhixin Wu, Xiaohui Kumar, Praveen Kumar Raj Dong, Min Ji, Guoli Li, Qingshun Quinn Liang, Chun |
author_facet | Zhao, Zhixin Wu, Xiaohui Kumar, Praveen Kumar Raj Dong, Min Ji, Guoli Li, Qingshun Quinn Liang, Chun |
author_sort | Zhao, Zhixin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Messenger RNA 3′-end formation is an essential posttranscriptional processing step for most eukaryotic genes. Different from plants and animals where AAUAAA and its variants routinely are found as the main poly(A) signal, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii uses UGUAA as the major poly(A) signal. The advance of sequencing technology provides an enormous amount of sequencing data for us to explore the variations of poly(A) signals, alternative polyadenylation (APA), and its relationship with splicing in this algal species. Through genome-wide analysis of poly(A) sites in C. reinhardtii, we identified a large number of poly(A) sites: 21,041 from Sanger expressed sequence tags, 88,184 from 454, and 195,266 from Illumina sequence reads. In comparison with previous collections, more new poly(A) sites are found in coding sequences and intron and intergenic regions by deep-sequencing. Interestingly, G-rich signals are particularly abundant in intron and intergenic regions. The prevalence of different poly(A) signals between coding sequences and a 3′-untranslated region implies potentially different polyadenylation mechanisms. Our data suggest that the APA occurs in about 68% of C. reinhardtii genes. Using Gene Ontolgy analysis, we found most of the APA genes are involved in RNA regulation and metabolic process, protein synthesis, hydrolase, and ligase activities. Moreover, intronic poly(A) sites are more abundant in constitutively spliced introns than retained introns, suggesting an interplay between polyadenylation and splicing. Our results support that APA, as in higher eukaryotes, may play significant roles in increasing transcriptome diversity and gene expression regulation in this algal species. Our datasets also provide useful information for accurate annotation of transcript ends in C. reinhardtii. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4025486 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Genetics Society of America |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40254862014-05-30 Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms Zhao, Zhixin Wu, Xiaohui Kumar, Praveen Kumar Raj Dong, Min Ji, Guoli Li, Qingshun Quinn Liang, Chun G3 (Bethesda) Investigations Messenger RNA 3′-end formation is an essential posttranscriptional processing step for most eukaryotic genes. Different from plants and animals where AAUAAA and its variants routinely are found as the main poly(A) signal, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii uses UGUAA as the major poly(A) signal. The advance of sequencing technology provides an enormous amount of sequencing data for us to explore the variations of poly(A) signals, alternative polyadenylation (APA), and its relationship with splicing in this algal species. Through genome-wide analysis of poly(A) sites in C. reinhardtii, we identified a large number of poly(A) sites: 21,041 from Sanger expressed sequence tags, 88,184 from 454, and 195,266 from Illumina sequence reads. In comparison with previous collections, more new poly(A) sites are found in coding sequences and intron and intergenic regions by deep-sequencing. Interestingly, G-rich signals are particularly abundant in intron and intergenic regions. The prevalence of different poly(A) signals between coding sequences and a 3′-untranslated region implies potentially different polyadenylation mechanisms. Our data suggest that the APA occurs in about 68% of C. reinhardtii genes. Using Gene Ontolgy analysis, we found most of the APA genes are involved in RNA regulation and metabolic process, protein synthesis, hydrolase, and ligase activities. Moreover, intronic poly(A) sites are more abundant in constitutively spliced introns than retained introns, suggesting an interplay between polyadenylation and splicing. Our results support that APA, as in higher eukaryotes, may play significant roles in increasing transcriptome diversity and gene expression regulation in this algal species. Our datasets also provide useful information for accurate annotation of transcript ends in C. reinhardtii. Genetics Society of America 2014-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4025486/ /pubmed/24626288 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.010249 Text en Copyright © 2014 Zhao et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Investigations Zhao, Zhixin Wu, Xiaohui Kumar, Praveen Kumar Raj Dong, Min Ji, Guoli Li, Qingshun Quinn Liang, Chun Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms |
title | Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms |
title_full | Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms |
title_fullStr | Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms |
title_full_unstemmed | Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms |
title_short | Bioinformatics Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Transcriptome Sequences from Three Different Sequencing Platforms |
title_sort | bioinformatics analysis of alternative polyadenylation in green alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii using transcriptome sequences from three different sequencing platforms |
topic | Investigations |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626288 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.010249 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhaozhixin bioinformaticsanalysisofalternativepolyadenylationingreenalgachlamydomonasreinhardtiiusingtranscriptomesequencesfromthreedifferentsequencingplatforms AT wuxiaohui bioinformaticsanalysisofalternativepolyadenylationingreenalgachlamydomonasreinhardtiiusingtranscriptomesequencesfromthreedifferentsequencingplatforms AT kumarpraveenkumarraj bioinformaticsanalysisofalternativepolyadenylationingreenalgachlamydomonasreinhardtiiusingtranscriptomesequencesfromthreedifferentsequencingplatforms AT dongmin bioinformaticsanalysisofalternativepolyadenylationingreenalgachlamydomonasreinhardtiiusingtranscriptomesequencesfromthreedifferentsequencingplatforms AT jiguoli bioinformaticsanalysisofalternativepolyadenylationingreenalgachlamydomonasreinhardtiiusingtranscriptomesequencesfromthreedifferentsequencingplatforms AT liqingshunquinn bioinformaticsanalysisofalternativepolyadenylationingreenalgachlamydomonasreinhardtiiusingtranscriptomesequencesfromthreedifferentsequencingplatforms AT liangchun bioinformaticsanalysisofalternativepolyadenylationingreenalgachlamydomonasreinhardtiiusingtranscriptomesequencesfromthreedifferentsequencingplatforms |