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Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite
Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages occurs as a coordinated process to ensure tissue homeostasis. Macrophages play a dual role in this process; first, a rapid and efficient phagocytosis of the dying cells is needed to eliminate uncleared corpses that can promote inflammation. Second, after e...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4026730/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860573 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00211 |
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author | A-Gonzalez, Noelia Hidalgo, Andrés |
author_facet | A-Gonzalez, Noelia Hidalgo, Andrés |
author_sort | A-Gonzalez, Noelia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages occurs as a coordinated process to ensure tissue homeostasis. Macrophages play a dual role in this process; first, a rapid and efficient phagocytosis of the dying cells is needed to eliminate uncleared corpses that can promote inflammation. Second, after engulfment, macrophages exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype, to avoid unwanted immune reactions against cell components. Several nuclear receptors, including liver X receptor and proliferator-activated receptor, have been linked to these two important features of macrophages during apoptotic cell clearance. This review outlines the emerging implications of nuclear receptors in the response of macrophages to cell clearance. These include activation of genes implicated in metabolism, to process the additional cellular content provided by the engulfed cells, as well as inflammatory genes, to maintain apoptotic cell clearance as an “immunologically silent” process. Remarkably, genes encoding receptors for the so-called “eat-me” signals are also regulated by activated nuclear receptors after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, thus enhancing the efficiency of macrophages to clear dead cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4026730 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40267302014-05-23 Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite A-Gonzalez, Noelia Hidalgo, Andrés Front Immunol Immunology Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages occurs as a coordinated process to ensure tissue homeostasis. Macrophages play a dual role in this process; first, a rapid and efficient phagocytosis of the dying cells is needed to eliminate uncleared corpses that can promote inflammation. Second, after engulfment, macrophages exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype, to avoid unwanted immune reactions against cell components. Several nuclear receptors, including liver X receptor and proliferator-activated receptor, have been linked to these two important features of macrophages during apoptotic cell clearance. This review outlines the emerging implications of nuclear receptors in the response of macrophages to cell clearance. These include activation of genes implicated in metabolism, to process the additional cellular content provided by the engulfed cells, as well as inflammatory genes, to maintain apoptotic cell clearance as an “immunologically silent” process. Remarkably, genes encoding receptors for the so-called “eat-me” signals are also regulated by activated nuclear receptors after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, thus enhancing the efficiency of macrophages to clear dead cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4026730/ /pubmed/24860573 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00211 Text en Copyright © 2014 A-Gonzalez and Hidalgo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology A-Gonzalez, Noelia Hidalgo, Andrés Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite |
title | Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite |
title_full | Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite |
title_fullStr | Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite |
title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite |
title_short | Nuclear Receptors and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Stimulating the Macrophage’s Appetite |
title_sort | nuclear receptors and clearance of apoptotic cells: stimulating the macrophage’s appetite |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4026730/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860573 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00211 |
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