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Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos
The appearance of farming, from its inception in the Near East around 12 000 years ago, finally reached the northwestern extremes of Europe by the fourth millennium BC or shortly thereafter. Various models have been invoked to explain the Neolithization of northern Europe; however, resolving these d...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4027381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24523264 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2372 |
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author | Cramp, Lucy J. E. Jones, Jennifer Sheridan, Alison Smyth, Jessica Whelton, Helen Mulville, Jacqui Sharples, Niall Evershed, Richard P. |
author_facet | Cramp, Lucy J. E. Jones, Jennifer Sheridan, Alison Smyth, Jessica Whelton, Helen Mulville, Jacqui Sharples, Niall Evershed, Richard P. |
author_sort | Cramp, Lucy J. E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The appearance of farming, from its inception in the Near East around 12 000 years ago, finally reached the northwestern extremes of Europe by the fourth millennium BC or shortly thereafter. Various models have been invoked to explain the Neolithization of northern Europe; however, resolving these different scenarios has proved problematic due to poor faunal preservation and the lack of specificity achievable for commonly applied proxies. Here, we present new multi-proxy evidence, which qualitatively and quantitatively maps subsistence change in the northeast Atlantic archipelagos from the Late Mesolithic into the Neolithic and beyond. A model involving significant retention of hunter–gatherer–fisher influences was tested against one of the dominant adoptions of farming using a novel suite of lipid biomarkers, including dihydroxy fatty acids, ω-(o-alkylphenyl)alkanoic acids and stable carbon isotope signatures of individual fatty acids preserved in cooking vessels. These new findings, together with archaeozoological and human skeletal collagen bulk stable carbon isotope proxies, unequivocally confirm rejection of marine resources by early farmers coinciding with the adoption of intensive dairy farming. This pattern of Neolithization contrasts markedly to that occurring contemporaneously in the Baltic, suggesting that geographically distinct ecological and cultural influences dictated the evolution of subsistence practices at this critical phase of European prehistory. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4027381 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40273812014-05-28 Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos Cramp, Lucy J. E. Jones, Jennifer Sheridan, Alison Smyth, Jessica Whelton, Helen Mulville, Jacqui Sharples, Niall Evershed, Richard P. Proc Biol Sci Research Articles The appearance of farming, from its inception in the Near East around 12 000 years ago, finally reached the northwestern extremes of Europe by the fourth millennium BC or shortly thereafter. Various models have been invoked to explain the Neolithization of northern Europe; however, resolving these different scenarios has proved problematic due to poor faunal preservation and the lack of specificity achievable for commonly applied proxies. Here, we present new multi-proxy evidence, which qualitatively and quantitatively maps subsistence change in the northeast Atlantic archipelagos from the Late Mesolithic into the Neolithic and beyond. A model involving significant retention of hunter–gatherer–fisher influences was tested against one of the dominant adoptions of farming using a novel suite of lipid biomarkers, including dihydroxy fatty acids, ω-(o-alkylphenyl)alkanoic acids and stable carbon isotope signatures of individual fatty acids preserved in cooking vessels. These new findings, together with archaeozoological and human skeletal collagen bulk stable carbon isotope proxies, unequivocally confirm rejection of marine resources by early farmers coinciding with the adoption of intensive dairy farming. This pattern of Neolithization contrasts markedly to that occurring contemporaneously in the Baltic, suggesting that geographically distinct ecological and cultural influences dictated the evolution of subsistence practices at this critical phase of European prehistory. The Royal Society 2014-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4027381/ /pubmed/24523264 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2372 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ © 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Cramp, Lucy J. E. Jones, Jennifer Sheridan, Alison Smyth, Jessica Whelton, Helen Mulville, Jacqui Sharples, Niall Evershed, Richard P. Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos |
title | Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos |
title_full | Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos |
title_fullStr | Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos |
title_full_unstemmed | Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos |
title_short | Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos |
title_sort | immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast atlantic archipelagos |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4027381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24523264 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2372 |
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