Interactive Effects of Elevated CO(2) Concentration and Irrigation on Photosynthetic Parameters and Yield of Maize in Northeast China

Maize is one of the major cultivated crops of China, having a central role in ensuring the food security of the country. There has been a significant increase in studies of maize under interactive effects of elevated CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) and other factors, yet the interactive effects of elevated [CO(2)] and increasing precipitation on maize has remained unclear. In this study, a manipulative experiment in Jinzhou, Liaoning province, Northeast China was performed so as to obtain reliable results concerning the later effects. The Open Top Chambers (OTCs) experiment was designed to control contrasting [CO(2)] i.e., 390, 450 and 550 µmol·mol(−1), and the experiment with 15% increasing precipitation levels was also set based on the average monthly precipitation of 5–9 month from 1981 to 2010 and controlled by irrigation. Thus, six treatments, i.e. C(550)W(+15%), C(550)W(0), C(450)W(+15%), C(450)W(0), C(390)W(+15%) and C(390)W(0) were included in this study. The results showed that the irrigation under elevated [CO(2)] levels increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate (P (n)) and intercellular CO(2) concentration (C (i)) of maize. Similarly, the stomatal conductance (G (s)) and transpiration rate (T (r)) decreased with elevated [CO(2)], but irrigation have a positive effect on increased of them at each [CO(2)] level, resulting in the water use efficiency (WUE) higher in natural precipitation treatment than irrigation treatment at elevated [CO(2)] levels. Irradiance-response parameters, e.g., maximum net photosynthetic rate (P (nmax)) and light saturation points (LSP) were increased under elevated [CO(2)] and irrigation, and dark respiration (R (d)) was increased as well. The growth characteristics, e.g., plant height, leaf area and aboveground biomass were enhanced, resulting in an improved of yield and ear characteristics except axle diameter. The study concluded by reporting that, future elevated [CO(2)] may favor to maize when coupled with increasing amount of precipitation in Northeast China.