Diabetes and Vascular Disease in Different Arterial Territories

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetes and different phenotypes of peripheral vascular disease (lower extremity peripheral artery disease [PAD], carotid artery stenosis [CAS], and abdominal aortic aneurysm [AAA]). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Prevalence of vascular disease was evaluated in 3,696,778 participants of the Life Line Screening survey between 2003 and 2008. PAD was defined as ankle-brachial pressure index <0.90 or prior revascularization, CAS as ≥50% stenosis or prior revascularization, and AAA as infrarenal aortic diameter ≥3 cm or prior repair. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were assessed using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus was present in 10.8% of participants (n = 399,884). Prevalence of PAD, CAS, and AAA was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in participants with compared with those without diabetes. After multivariate adjustment for baseline demographics and clinical risk factors, a significant interaction existed between diabetes and vascular disease phenotype (P < 0.0001). Diabetes was associated with increased odds of PAD (OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.41–1.4]; P < 0.0001) and CAS (1.45 [1.43–1.47]; P < 0.0001) but decreased odds of AAA (0.86 [0.84–0.88]; P < 0.0001). The strength of association increased with increasing severity of disease in each vascular phenotype, and this association persisted in the population with asymptomatic vascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: In a large population-based study, the association between diabetes and vascular disease differed according to vascular phenotype. Future studies exploring the mechanism for these vascular-specific differences are needed.