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Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis

Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases. Since the eradication of small pox in 1976, many other potentially life compromising if not threatening diseases have been dealt with subsequently. This event was a major leap not only in the scientific world already burdene...

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Autores principales: Chhajer, Rudra, Ali, Nahid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00213
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author Chhajer, Rudra
Ali, Nahid
author_facet Chhajer, Rudra
Ali, Nahid
author_sort Chhajer, Rudra
collection PubMed
description Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases. Since the eradication of small pox in 1976, many other potentially life compromising if not threatening diseases have been dealt with subsequently. This event was a major leap not only in the scientific world already burdened with many diseases but also in the mindset of the common man who became more receptive to novel treatment options. Among the many protozoan diseases, the leishmaniases have emerged as one of the largest parasite killers of the world, second only to malaria. There are three types of leishmaniasis namely cutaneous (CL), mucocutaneous (ML), and visceral (VL), caused by a group of more than 20 species of Leishmania parasites. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar is the most severe form and almost fatal if untreated. Since the first attempts at leishmanization, we have killed parasite vaccines, subunit protein, or DNA vaccines, and now we have live recombinant carrier vaccines and live attenuated parasite vaccines under various stages of development. Although some research has shown promising results, many more potential genes need to be evaluated as live attenuated vaccine candidates. This mini-review attempts to summarize the success and failures of genetically modified organisms used in vaccination against some of major parasitic diseases for their application in leishmaniasis.
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spelling pubmed-40301982014-05-23 Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis Chhajer, Rudra Ali, Nahid Front Immunol Immunology Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases. Since the eradication of small pox in 1976, many other potentially life compromising if not threatening diseases have been dealt with subsequently. This event was a major leap not only in the scientific world already burdened with many diseases but also in the mindset of the common man who became more receptive to novel treatment options. Among the many protozoan diseases, the leishmaniases have emerged as one of the largest parasite killers of the world, second only to malaria. There are three types of leishmaniasis namely cutaneous (CL), mucocutaneous (ML), and visceral (VL), caused by a group of more than 20 species of Leishmania parasites. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar is the most severe form and almost fatal if untreated. Since the first attempts at leishmanization, we have killed parasite vaccines, subunit protein, or DNA vaccines, and now we have live recombinant carrier vaccines and live attenuated parasite vaccines under various stages of development. Although some research has shown promising results, many more potential genes need to be evaluated as live attenuated vaccine candidates. This mini-review attempts to summarize the success and failures of genetically modified organisms used in vaccination against some of major parasitic diseases for their application in leishmaniasis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4030198/ /pubmed/24860575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00213 Text en Copyright © 2014 Chhajer and Ali. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Chhajer, Rudra
Ali, Nahid
Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis
title Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis
title_full Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis
title_fullStr Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis
title_full_unstemmed Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis
title_short Genetically Modified Organisms and Visceral Leishmaniasis
title_sort genetically modified organisms and visceral leishmaniasis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00213
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