Cargando…
Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
Orofacial clefting is a common birth defect with wide phenotypic variability. Many systems have been developed to classify cleft patterns to facilitate diagnosis, management, surgical treatment, and research. In this review, we examine the rationale for different existing classification schemes and...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030199/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860508 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00163 |
_version_ | 1782317354388029440 |
---|---|
author | Wang, Kathie H. Heike, Carrie L. Clarkson, Melissa D. Mejino, Jose L. V. Brinkley, James F. Tse, Raymond W. Birgfeld, Craig B. Fitzsimons, David A. Cox, Timothy C. |
author_facet | Wang, Kathie H. Heike, Carrie L. Clarkson, Melissa D. Mejino, Jose L. V. Brinkley, James F. Tse, Raymond W. Birgfeld, Craig B. Fitzsimons, David A. Cox, Timothy C. |
author_sort | Wang, Kathie H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Orofacial clefting is a common birth defect with wide phenotypic variability. Many systems have been developed to classify cleft patterns to facilitate diagnosis, management, surgical treatment, and research. In this review, we examine the rationale for different existing classification schemes and determine their inter-relationships, as well as strengths and deficiencies for subclassification of clefts of the lip. The various systems differ in how they describe and define attributes of cleft lip (CL) phenotypes. Application and analysis of the CL classifications reveal discrepancies that may result in errors when comparing studies that use different systems. These inconsistencies in terminology, variable levels of subclassification, and ambiguity in some descriptions may confound analyses and impede further research aimed at understanding the genetics and etiology of clefts, development of effective treatment options for patients, as well as cross-institutional comparisons of outcome measures. Identification and reconciliation of discrepancies among existing systems is the first step toward creating a common standard to allow for a more explicit interpretation that will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the causes and manifestations of phenotypic variations in clefting. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4030199 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40301992014-05-23 Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip Wang, Kathie H. Heike, Carrie L. Clarkson, Melissa D. Mejino, Jose L. V. Brinkley, James F. Tse, Raymond W. Birgfeld, Craig B. Fitzsimons, David A. Cox, Timothy C. Front Physiol Physiology Orofacial clefting is a common birth defect with wide phenotypic variability. Many systems have been developed to classify cleft patterns to facilitate diagnosis, management, surgical treatment, and research. In this review, we examine the rationale for different existing classification schemes and determine their inter-relationships, as well as strengths and deficiencies for subclassification of clefts of the lip. The various systems differ in how they describe and define attributes of cleft lip (CL) phenotypes. Application and analysis of the CL classifications reveal discrepancies that may result in errors when comparing studies that use different systems. These inconsistencies in terminology, variable levels of subclassification, and ambiguity in some descriptions may confound analyses and impede further research aimed at understanding the genetics and etiology of clefts, development of effective treatment options for patients, as well as cross-institutional comparisons of outcome measures. Identification and reconciliation of discrepancies among existing systems is the first step toward creating a common standard to allow for a more explicit interpretation that will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the causes and manifestations of phenotypic variations in clefting. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4030199/ /pubmed/24860508 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00163 Text en Copyright © 2014 Wang, Heike, Clarkson, Mejino, Brinkley, Tse, Birgfeld, Fitzsimons and Cox. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Wang, Kathie H. Heike, Carrie L. Clarkson, Melissa D. Mejino, Jose L. V. Brinkley, James F. Tse, Raymond W. Birgfeld, Craig B. Fitzsimons, David A. Cox, Timothy C. Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip |
title | Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip |
title_full | Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip |
title_fullStr | Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip |
title_short | Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip |
title_sort | evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030199/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860508 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00163 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wangkathieh evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT heikecarriel evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT clarksonmelissad evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT mejinojoselv evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT brinkleyjamesf evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT tseraymondw evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT birgfeldcraigb evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT fitzsimonsdavida evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip AT coxtimothyc evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip |