Cargando…

Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip

Orofacial clefting is a common birth defect with wide phenotypic variability. Many systems have been developed to classify cleft patterns to facilitate diagnosis, management, surgical treatment, and research. In this review, we examine the rationale for different existing classification schemes and...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Kathie H., Heike, Carrie L., Clarkson, Melissa D., Mejino, Jose L. V., Brinkley, James F., Tse, Raymond W., Birgfeld, Craig B., Fitzsimons, David A., Cox, Timothy C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860508
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00163
_version_ 1782317354388029440
author Wang, Kathie H.
Heike, Carrie L.
Clarkson, Melissa D.
Mejino, Jose L. V.
Brinkley, James F.
Tse, Raymond W.
Birgfeld, Craig B.
Fitzsimons, David A.
Cox, Timothy C.
author_facet Wang, Kathie H.
Heike, Carrie L.
Clarkson, Melissa D.
Mejino, Jose L. V.
Brinkley, James F.
Tse, Raymond W.
Birgfeld, Craig B.
Fitzsimons, David A.
Cox, Timothy C.
author_sort Wang, Kathie H.
collection PubMed
description Orofacial clefting is a common birth defect with wide phenotypic variability. Many systems have been developed to classify cleft patterns to facilitate diagnosis, management, surgical treatment, and research. In this review, we examine the rationale for different existing classification schemes and determine their inter-relationships, as well as strengths and deficiencies for subclassification of clefts of the lip. The various systems differ in how they describe and define attributes of cleft lip (CL) phenotypes. Application and analysis of the CL classifications reveal discrepancies that may result in errors when comparing studies that use different systems. These inconsistencies in terminology, variable levels of subclassification, and ambiguity in some descriptions may confound analyses and impede further research aimed at understanding the genetics and etiology of clefts, development of effective treatment options for patients, as well as cross-institutional comparisons of outcome measures. Identification and reconciliation of discrepancies among existing systems is the first step toward creating a common standard to allow for a more explicit interpretation that will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the causes and manifestations of phenotypic variations in clefting.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4030199
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-40301992014-05-23 Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip Wang, Kathie H. Heike, Carrie L. Clarkson, Melissa D. Mejino, Jose L. V. Brinkley, James F. Tse, Raymond W. Birgfeld, Craig B. Fitzsimons, David A. Cox, Timothy C. Front Physiol Physiology Orofacial clefting is a common birth defect with wide phenotypic variability. Many systems have been developed to classify cleft patterns to facilitate diagnosis, management, surgical treatment, and research. In this review, we examine the rationale for different existing classification schemes and determine their inter-relationships, as well as strengths and deficiencies for subclassification of clefts of the lip. The various systems differ in how they describe and define attributes of cleft lip (CL) phenotypes. Application and analysis of the CL classifications reveal discrepancies that may result in errors when comparing studies that use different systems. These inconsistencies in terminology, variable levels of subclassification, and ambiguity in some descriptions may confound analyses and impede further research aimed at understanding the genetics and etiology of clefts, development of effective treatment options for patients, as well as cross-institutional comparisons of outcome measures. Identification and reconciliation of discrepancies among existing systems is the first step toward creating a common standard to allow for a more explicit interpretation that will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the causes and manifestations of phenotypic variations in clefting. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4030199/ /pubmed/24860508 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00163 Text en Copyright © 2014 Wang, Heike, Clarkson, Mejino, Brinkley, Tse, Birgfeld, Fitzsimons and Cox. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Wang, Kathie H.
Heike, Carrie L.
Clarkson, Melissa D.
Mejino, Jose L. V.
Brinkley, James F.
Tse, Raymond W.
Birgfeld, Craig B.
Fitzsimons, David A.
Cox, Timothy C.
Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
title Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
title_full Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
title_fullStr Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
title_short Evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
title_sort evaluation and integration of disparate classification systems for clefts of the lip
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860508
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00163
work_keys_str_mv AT wangkathieh evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT heikecarriel evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT clarksonmelissad evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT mejinojoselv evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT brinkleyjamesf evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT tseraymondw evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT birgfeldcraigb evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT fitzsimonsdavida evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip
AT coxtimothyc evaluationandintegrationofdisparateclassificationsystemsforcleftsofthelip