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Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response
DNA damage occurs during DNA replication, spontaneous chemical reactions, and assaults by external or metabolism-derived agents. Therefore, all living cells must constantly contend with DNA damage. Cells protect themselves from these genotoxic stresses by activating the DNA damage checkpoint and DNA...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030880/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom3010075 |
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author | Kai, Mihoko |
author_facet | Kai, Mihoko |
author_sort | Kai, Mihoko |
collection | PubMed |
description | DNA damage occurs during DNA replication, spontaneous chemical reactions, and assaults by external or metabolism-derived agents. Therefore, all living cells must constantly contend with DNA damage. Cells protect themselves from these genotoxic stresses by activating the DNA damage checkpoint and DNA repair pathways. Coordination of these pathways requires tight regulation in order to prevent genomic instability. The checkpoint clamp complex consists of Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 proteins, and is often called the 9-1-1 complex. This PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)-like donut-shaped protein complex is a checkpoint sensor protein that is recruited to DNA damage sites during the early stage of the response, and is required for checkpoint activation. As PCNA is required for multiple pathways of DNA metabolism, the checkpoint clamp has also been implicated in direct roles in DNA repair, as well as in coordination of the pathways. Here we discuss roles of the checkpoint clamp in DNA damage response (DDR). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4030880 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40308802014-06-24 Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response Kai, Mihoko Biomolecules Review DNA damage occurs during DNA replication, spontaneous chemical reactions, and assaults by external or metabolism-derived agents. Therefore, all living cells must constantly contend with DNA damage. Cells protect themselves from these genotoxic stresses by activating the DNA damage checkpoint and DNA repair pathways. Coordination of these pathways requires tight regulation in order to prevent genomic instability. The checkpoint clamp complex consists of Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1 proteins, and is often called the 9-1-1 complex. This PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)-like donut-shaped protein complex is a checkpoint sensor protein that is recruited to DNA damage sites during the early stage of the response, and is required for checkpoint activation. As PCNA is required for multiple pathways of DNA metabolism, the checkpoint clamp has also been implicated in direct roles in DNA repair, as well as in coordination of the pathways. Here we discuss roles of the checkpoint clamp in DNA damage response (DDR). MDPI 2013-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4030880/ /pubmed/24970157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom3010075 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kai, Mihoko Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response |
title | Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response |
title_full | Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response |
title_fullStr | Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response |
title_short | Role of the Checkpoint Clamp in DNA Damage Response |
title_sort | role of the checkpoint clamp in dna damage response |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030880/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom3010075 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kaimihoko roleofthecheckpointclampindnadamageresponse |