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The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition
Learning novel skills involves reorganization and optimization of cognitive processing involving a broad network of brain regions. Previous work has shown asymmetric costs of switching to a well-trained task vs. a poorly-trained task, but the neural basis of these differential switch costs is unclea...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033195/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00339 |
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author | Jimura, Koji Cazalis, Fabienne Stover, Elena R. S. Poldrack, Russell A. |
author_facet | Jimura, Koji Cazalis, Fabienne Stover, Elena R. S. Poldrack, Russell A. |
author_sort | Jimura, Koji |
collection | PubMed |
description | Learning novel skills involves reorganization and optimization of cognitive processing involving a broad network of brain regions. Previous work has shown asymmetric costs of switching to a well-trained task vs. a poorly-trained task, but the neural basis of these differential switch costs is unclear. The current study examined the neural signature of task switching in the context of acquisition of new skill. Human participants alternated randomly between a novel visual task (mirror-reversed word reading) and a highly practiced one (plain word reading), allowing the isolation of task switching and skill set maintenance. Two scan sessions were separated by 2 weeks, with behavioral training on the mirror reading task in between the two sessions. Broad cortical regions, including bilateral prefrontal, parietal, and extrastriate cortices, showed decreased activity associated with learning of the mirror reading skill. In contrast, learning to switch to the novel skill was associated with decreased activity in a focal subcortical region in the dorsal striatum. Switching to the highly practiced task was associated with a non-overlapping set of regions, suggesting substantial differences in the neural substrates of switching as a function of task skill. Searchlight multivariate pattern analysis also revealed that learning was associated with decreased pattern information for mirror vs. plain reading tasks in fronto-parietal regions. Inferior frontal junction and posterior parietal cortex showed a joint effect of univariate activation and pattern information. These results suggest distinct learning mechanisms task performance and executive control as a function of learning. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4033195 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40331952014-06-05 The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition Jimura, Koji Cazalis, Fabienne Stover, Elena R. S. Poldrack, Russell A. Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Learning novel skills involves reorganization and optimization of cognitive processing involving a broad network of brain regions. Previous work has shown asymmetric costs of switching to a well-trained task vs. a poorly-trained task, but the neural basis of these differential switch costs is unclear. The current study examined the neural signature of task switching in the context of acquisition of new skill. Human participants alternated randomly between a novel visual task (mirror-reversed word reading) and a highly practiced one (plain word reading), allowing the isolation of task switching and skill set maintenance. Two scan sessions were separated by 2 weeks, with behavioral training on the mirror reading task in between the two sessions. Broad cortical regions, including bilateral prefrontal, parietal, and extrastriate cortices, showed decreased activity associated with learning of the mirror reading skill. In contrast, learning to switch to the novel skill was associated with decreased activity in a focal subcortical region in the dorsal striatum. Switching to the highly practiced task was associated with a non-overlapping set of regions, suggesting substantial differences in the neural substrates of switching as a function of task skill. Searchlight multivariate pattern analysis also revealed that learning was associated with decreased pattern information for mirror vs. plain reading tasks in fronto-parietal regions. Inferior frontal junction and posterior parietal cortex showed a joint effect of univariate activation and pattern information. These results suggest distinct learning mechanisms task performance and executive control as a function of learning. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4033195/ /pubmed/24904378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00339 Text en Copyright © 2014 Jimura, Cazalis, Stover and Poldrack. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Jimura, Koji Cazalis, Fabienne Stover, Elena R. S. Poldrack, Russell A. The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition |
title | The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition |
title_full | The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition |
title_fullStr | The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition |
title_full_unstemmed | The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition |
title_short | The neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition |
title_sort | neural basis of task switching changes with skill acquisition |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033195/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904378 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00339 |
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