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Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD

Few studies have examined the impact of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on adult ADHD functional outcomes. To address this issue dimensionally, ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood and their relation to educational deficits and work disability are studied in a...

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Autores principales: Fredriksen, Mats, Dahl, Alv A., Martinsen, Egil W., Klungsoyr, Ole, Faraone, Stephen V., Peleikis, Dawn E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Vienna 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24497125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12402-014-0126-1
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author Fredriksen, Mats
Dahl, Alv A.
Martinsen, Egil W.
Klungsoyr, Ole
Faraone, Stephen V.
Peleikis, Dawn E.
author_facet Fredriksen, Mats
Dahl, Alv A.
Martinsen, Egil W.
Klungsoyr, Ole
Faraone, Stephen V.
Peleikis, Dawn E.
author_sort Fredriksen, Mats
collection PubMed
description Few studies have examined the impact of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on adult ADHD functional outcomes. To address this issue dimensionally, ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood and their relation to educational deficits and work disability are studied in a clinical sample of adult patients with previously untreated ADHD. About 250 adults diagnosed systematically with ADHD according to DSM-IV were prospectively recruited. Primary outcomes were high school dropout and being out of the work last year. Childhood ADHD symptoms, sex differences, comorbidities of other mental disorders, and adult ADHD symptoms were examined by historical data, clinician interviews, and questionnaires. High levels of ADHD symptom severity in childhood were related to dropping out of high school [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0], as were higher numbers of hyperactive–impulsive symptoms in childhood. Significantly, more women than men were long-term work disabled (OR = 2.0). After adjusting for age and gender, persisting high levels of ADHD inattention symptoms in adulthood (OR = 2.5), number of comorbid disorders, and particularly anxiety disorders were significantly related to long-term work disability. Childhood hyperactive–impulsive symptoms and overall severity of childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with high school dropout rates; however, persisting ADHD inattention symptoms and comorbid mental disorders in adulthood were more correlated to occupational impairment. These findings underline proposals for studies on early recognition and interventions for ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. They further suggest that inattentive symptoms be a focus of adult ADHD treatment and that workplace interventions be considered to prevent long-term work disability.
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spelling pubmed-40337862014-05-29 Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD Fredriksen, Mats Dahl, Alv A. Martinsen, Egil W. Klungsoyr, Ole Faraone, Stephen V. Peleikis, Dawn E. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord Original Article Few studies have examined the impact of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on adult ADHD functional outcomes. To address this issue dimensionally, ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood and their relation to educational deficits and work disability are studied in a clinical sample of adult patients with previously untreated ADHD. About 250 adults diagnosed systematically with ADHD according to DSM-IV were prospectively recruited. Primary outcomes were high school dropout and being out of the work last year. Childhood ADHD symptoms, sex differences, comorbidities of other mental disorders, and adult ADHD symptoms were examined by historical data, clinician interviews, and questionnaires. High levels of ADHD symptom severity in childhood were related to dropping out of high school [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0], as were higher numbers of hyperactive–impulsive symptoms in childhood. Significantly, more women than men were long-term work disabled (OR = 2.0). After adjusting for age and gender, persisting high levels of ADHD inattention symptoms in adulthood (OR = 2.5), number of comorbid disorders, and particularly anxiety disorders were significantly related to long-term work disability. Childhood hyperactive–impulsive symptoms and overall severity of childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with high school dropout rates; however, persisting ADHD inattention symptoms and comorbid mental disorders in adulthood were more correlated to occupational impairment. These findings underline proposals for studies on early recognition and interventions for ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. They further suggest that inattentive symptoms be a focus of adult ADHD treatment and that workplace interventions be considered to prevent long-term work disability. Springer Vienna 2014-02-05 2014 /pmc/articles/PMC4033786/ /pubmed/24497125 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12402-014-0126-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2014 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Fredriksen, Mats
Dahl, Alv A.
Martinsen, Egil W.
Klungsoyr, Ole
Faraone, Stephen V.
Peleikis, Dawn E.
Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD
title Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD
title_full Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD
title_fullStr Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD
title_full_unstemmed Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD
title_short Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD
title_sort childhood and persistent adhd symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult adhd
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24497125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12402-014-0126-1
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