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Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes

Probing the validity of classical macroscopic physical laws at the nanoscale is important for nanoscience research. Herein, we report on experimental evidence that electron emission from individual hot carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heated by self-Joule-heating does not obey Richardson's law of thermi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wei, Xianlong, Wang, Sheng, Chen, Qing, Peng, Lianmao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4037708/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24869719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep05102
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author Wei, Xianlong
Wang, Sheng
Chen, Qing
Peng, Lianmao
author_facet Wei, Xianlong
Wang, Sheng
Chen, Qing
Peng, Lianmao
author_sort Wei, Xianlong
collection PubMed
description Probing the validity of classical macroscopic physical laws at the nanoscale is important for nanoscience research. Herein, we report on experimental evidence that electron emission from individual hot carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heated by self-Joule-heating does not obey Richardson's law of thermionic emission. By using an in-situ multi-probe measurement technique, electron emission density (J) and temperature (T) of individual self-Joule-heated CNTs are simultaneously determined. Experimental ln(J/T(2)) − 1/T plots are found to exhibit an upward bending feature deviating from the straight lines in Richardson plots, and the measured electron emission density is more than one order of magnitude higher than that predicted by Richardson's law. The breakdown of Richardson's law implies a much better electron emission performance of individual CNTs as compared to their macroscopic allotropes and clusters, and the need of new theoretical descriptions of electron emission from individual low-dimensional nanostructures.
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spelling pubmed-40377082014-05-30 Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes Wei, Xianlong Wang, Sheng Chen, Qing Peng, Lianmao Sci Rep Article Probing the validity of classical macroscopic physical laws at the nanoscale is important for nanoscience research. Herein, we report on experimental evidence that electron emission from individual hot carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heated by self-Joule-heating does not obey Richardson's law of thermionic emission. By using an in-situ multi-probe measurement technique, electron emission density (J) and temperature (T) of individual self-Joule-heated CNTs are simultaneously determined. Experimental ln(J/T(2)) − 1/T plots are found to exhibit an upward bending feature deviating from the straight lines in Richardson plots, and the measured electron emission density is more than one order of magnitude higher than that predicted by Richardson's law. The breakdown of Richardson's law implies a much better electron emission performance of individual CNTs as compared to their macroscopic allotropes and clusters, and the need of new theoretical descriptions of electron emission from individual low-dimensional nanostructures. Nature Publishing Group 2014-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4037708/ /pubmed/24869719 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep05102 Text en Copyright © 2014, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. The images in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the image credit; if the image is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder in order to reproduce the image. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
spellingShingle Article
Wei, Xianlong
Wang, Sheng
Chen, Qing
Peng, Lianmao
Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes
title Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes
title_full Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes
title_fullStr Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes
title_full_unstemmed Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes
title_short Breakdown of Richardson's Law in Electron Emission from Individual Self-Joule-Heated Carbon Nanotubes
title_sort breakdown of richardson's law in electron emission from individual self-joule-heated carbon nanotubes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4037708/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24869719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep05102
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