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Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND: Long-term patterning of non-employment among problem drinkers is poorly understood. We determined the level and timing of non-employment, and the relative contribution of various types of non-employment among middle-aged persons who died of alcohol-related causes. METHODS: We conducted a...

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Autores principales: Paljärvi, Tapio, Martikainen, Pekka, Leinonen, Taina, Pensola, Tiina, Mäkelä, Pia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874518
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098620
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author Paljärvi, Tapio
Martikainen, Pekka
Leinonen, Taina
Pensola, Tiina
Mäkelä, Pia
author_facet Paljärvi, Tapio
Martikainen, Pekka
Leinonen, Taina
Pensola, Tiina
Mäkelä, Pia
author_sort Paljärvi, Tapio
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Long-term patterning of non-employment among problem drinkers is poorly understood. We determined the level and timing of non-employment, and the relative contribution of various types of non-employment among middle-aged persons who died of alcohol-related causes. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal retrospective register-based study of Finnish men and women aged 45–64 years who died of alcohol-related causes (n = 15 552) or other causes (n = 39 166) in the period 2000–07, or who survived (n = 204 422) until the end of 2007. We traced back the number of days in employment and non-employment for up to 17 years before death or before the end of the study period for the survivors. RESULTS: The majority (≥56%) of persons who died of alcohol-related causes were in employment up to ten years before death. Over the 17-year period before death, those who died of alcohol-related causes were in employment on average two years less (mean 6.3 years, 95%CI 6.2–6.4) than those dying of other causes (8.2, 8.1–8.3), and five years less than survivors (11.6, 11.5–11.7), when sex and age were adjusted for. The relative role of various types of non-employment differed markedly across the two mortality groups. Among those who died of alcohol-related causes, unemployment accounted for 54% of the total burden of non-employment, in comparison with 29% among those who died of other causes. In contrast, disability pension accounted for 41% of the total burden of non-employment among those who died of alcohol-related causes, but 65% among those who died of other causes. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the feasibility of preventing movement out of employment among middle-aged men and women with severe alcohol-related harm, provided that they are identified early on during their working careers and offered effective interventions.
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spelling pubmed-40386212014-06-05 Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study Paljärvi, Tapio Martikainen, Pekka Leinonen, Taina Pensola, Tiina Mäkelä, Pia PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Long-term patterning of non-employment among problem drinkers is poorly understood. We determined the level and timing of non-employment, and the relative contribution of various types of non-employment among middle-aged persons who died of alcohol-related causes. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal retrospective register-based study of Finnish men and women aged 45–64 years who died of alcohol-related causes (n = 15 552) or other causes (n = 39 166) in the period 2000–07, or who survived (n = 204 422) until the end of 2007. We traced back the number of days in employment and non-employment for up to 17 years before death or before the end of the study period for the survivors. RESULTS: The majority (≥56%) of persons who died of alcohol-related causes were in employment up to ten years before death. Over the 17-year period before death, those who died of alcohol-related causes were in employment on average two years less (mean 6.3 years, 95%CI 6.2–6.4) than those dying of other causes (8.2, 8.1–8.3), and five years less than survivors (11.6, 11.5–11.7), when sex and age were adjusted for. The relative role of various types of non-employment differed markedly across the two mortality groups. Among those who died of alcohol-related causes, unemployment accounted for 54% of the total burden of non-employment, in comparison with 29% among those who died of other causes. In contrast, disability pension accounted for 41% of the total burden of non-employment among those who died of alcohol-related causes, but 65% among those who died of other causes. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the feasibility of preventing movement out of employment among middle-aged men and women with severe alcohol-related harm, provided that they are identified early on during their working careers and offered effective interventions. Public Library of Science 2014-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4038621/ /pubmed/24874518 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098620 Text en © 2014 Paljärvi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Paljärvi, Tapio
Martikainen, Pekka
Leinonen, Taina
Pensola, Tiina
Mäkelä, Pia
Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study
title Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study
title_full Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study
title_fullStr Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study
title_full_unstemmed Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study
title_short Non-Employment Histories of Middle-Aged Men and Women Who Died from Alcohol-Related Causes: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study
title_sort non-employment histories of middle-aged men and women who died from alcohol-related causes: a longitudinal retrospective study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874518
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098620
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