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Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
PURPOSE: Cognitive processing generally deteriorates as people age. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in human-specific behavior, such as preparing for future actions and prospective memory; hence, the PFC may be voluntarily activated even during the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4045856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24897305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098779 |
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author | Oboshi, Yumi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Shimizu, Yoshiyuki Yoshimura, Yuko Hiraishi, Hirotoshi Okada, Hiroyuki Magata, Yasuhiro Ouchi, Yasuomi |
author_facet | Oboshi, Yumi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Shimizu, Yoshiyuki Yoshimura, Yuko Hiraishi, Hirotoshi Okada, Hiroyuki Magata, Yasuhiro Ouchi, Yasuomi |
author_sort | Oboshi, Yumi |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Cognitive processing generally deteriorates as people age. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in human-specific behavior, such as preparing for future actions and prospective memory; hence, the PFC may be voluntarily activated even during the “resting” condition that precedes task execution. The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in voluntary pre-task activation as a result of aging using a paradigm that includes a longer intertrial interval (e.g., 30 sec) than has been used in previous studies. METHODS: A total of 120 cognitively normal adults (young: 60, old: 60) participated in this near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study. All subjects performed 6 repetitions of the working memory task, which included a 30 sec resting period and a 28.8 sec task period. The resting period was divided into baseline and pre-task (preT) periods, and the task period was divided into early easy task (eT) and late difficult task (dT) periods. We then normalized the data, analyzed the magnitude of task-related NIRS responses in each period and compared the results between groups using an analysis of variance test. RESULTS: Statistical analyses revealed a significant interaction between group × optode location × period, in which hemodynamic responses in the PFC during the preT period were smaller in the elderly in than young adults. By contrast, during the task period, the hemodynamic responses were higher in the lateral PFC in the elderly than in young adults. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between hemodynamic changes during the preT period in the PFC and correct answer ratios in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that more pre-task activation in the anterior PFC is related to better cognitive performance in humans. Thus, a reduction in this activation might partly explain cognitive decline in the elderly. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4045856 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40458562014-06-09 Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study Oboshi, Yumi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Shimizu, Yoshiyuki Yoshimura, Yuko Hiraishi, Hirotoshi Okada, Hiroyuki Magata, Yasuhiro Ouchi, Yasuomi PLoS One Research Article PURPOSE: Cognitive processing generally deteriorates as people age. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in human-specific behavior, such as preparing for future actions and prospective memory; hence, the PFC may be voluntarily activated even during the “resting” condition that precedes task execution. The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in voluntary pre-task activation as a result of aging using a paradigm that includes a longer intertrial interval (e.g., 30 sec) than has been used in previous studies. METHODS: A total of 120 cognitively normal adults (young: 60, old: 60) participated in this near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study. All subjects performed 6 repetitions of the working memory task, which included a 30 sec resting period and a 28.8 sec task period. The resting period was divided into baseline and pre-task (preT) periods, and the task period was divided into early easy task (eT) and late difficult task (dT) periods. We then normalized the data, analyzed the magnitude of task-related NIRS responses in each period and compared the results between groups using an analysis of variance test. RESULTS: Statistical analyses revealed a significant interaction between group × optode location × period, in which hemodynamic responses in the PFC during the preT period were smaller in the elderly in than young adults. By contrast, during the task period, the hemodynamic responses were higher in the lateral PFC in the elderly than in young adults. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between hemodynamic changes during the preT period in the PFC and correct answer ratios in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that more pre-task activation in the anterior PFC is related to better cognitive performance in humans. Thus, a reduction in this activation might partly explain cognitive decline in the elderly. Public Library of Science 2014-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4045856/ /pubmed/24897305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098779 Text en © 2014 Oboshi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Oboshi, Yumi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Shimizu, Yoshiyuki Yoshimura, Yuko Hiraishi, Hirotoshi Okada, Hiroyuki Magata, Yasuhiro Ouchi, Yasuomi Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study |
title | Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study |
title_full | Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study |
title_fullStr | Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study |
title_short | Pre-Task Prefrontal Activation during Cognitive Processes in Aging: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study |
title_sort | pre-task prefrontal activation during cognitive processes in aging: a near-infrared spectroscopy study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4045856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24897305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098779 |
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