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Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm

The balance between carbon and nitrogen is a key determinant of seed storage components, and thus, is of great importance to rice and other seed-based food crops. To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome...

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Autores principales: Midorikawa, Keiko, Kuroda, Masaharu, Terauchi, Kaede, Hoshi, Masako, Ikenaga, Sachiko, Ishimaru, Yoshiro, Abe, Keiko, Asakura, Tomiko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048278/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905454
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098738
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author Midorikawa, Keiko
Kuroda, Masaharu
Terauchi, Kaede
Hoshi, Masako
Ikenaga, Sachiko
Ishimaru, Yoshiro
Abe, Keiko
Asakura, Tomiko
author_facet Midorikawa, Keiko
Kuroda, Masaharu
Terauchi, Kaede
Hoshi, Masako
Ikenaga, Sachiko
Ishimaru, Yoshiro
Abe, Keiko
Asakura, Tomiko
author_sort Midorikawa, Keiko
collection PubMed
description The balance between carbon and nitrogen is a key determinant of seed storage components, and thus, is of great importance to rice and other seed-based food crops. To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome analysis was performed on the seeds from rice plants that were provided additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time. As a result, it was assessed that genes associated with molecular processes such as photosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, carbon fixation, amino acid metabolism, and cell wall metabolism were differentially expressed. Moreover, cellulose and sucrose synthases, which are involved in cellulose synthesis, were down-regulated. Therefore, we compared cellulose content of mature seeds that were treated with additional nitrogen fertilization with those from control plants using calcofluor staining. In these experiments, cellulose content in endosperm from plants receiving additional nitrogen fertilization was less than that in control endosperm. Other starch synthesis-related genes such as starch synthase 1, starch phosphorylase 2, and branching enzyme 3 were also down-regulated, whereas some α-amylase and β-amylase genes were up-regulated. On the other hand, mRNA expression of amino acid biosynthesis-related molecules was up-regulated. Moreover, additional nitrogen fertilization caused accumulation of storage proteins and up-regulated Cys-poor prolamin mRNA expression. These data suggest that additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time changes the expression of some storage substance-related genes and reduces cellulose levels in endosperm.
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spelling pubmed-40482782014-06-09 Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm Midorikawa, Keiko Kuroda, Masaharu Terauchi, Kaede Hoshi, Masako Ikenaga, Sachiko Ishimaru, Yoshiro Abe, Keiko Asakura, Tomiko PLoS One Research Article The balance between carbon and nitrogen is a key determinant of seed storage components, and thus, is of great importance to rice and other seed-based food crops. To clarify the influence of the rhizosphere carbon/nitrogen balance during the maturation stage of several seed components, transcriptome analysis was performed on the seeds from rice plants that were provided additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time. As a result, it was assessed that genes associated with molecular processes such as photosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, carbon fixation, amino acid metabolism, and cell wall metabolism were differentially expressed. Moreover, cellulose and sucrose synthases, which are involved in cellulose synthesis, were down-regulated. Therefore, we compared cellulose content of mature seeds that were treated with additional nitrogen fertilization with those from control plants using calcofluor staining. In these experiments, cellulose content in endosperm from plants receiving additional nitrogen fertilization was less than that in control endosperm. Other starch synthesis-related genes such as starch synthase 1, starch phosphorylase 2, and branching enzyme 3 were also down-regulated, whereas some α-amylase and β-amylase genes were up-regulated. On the other hand, mRNA expression of amino acid biosynthesis-related molecules was up-regulated. Moreover, additional nitrogen fertilization caused accumulation of storage proteins and up-regulated Cys-poor prolamin mRNA expression. These data suggest that additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time changes the expression of some storage substance-related genes and reduces cellulose levels in endosperm. Public Library of Science 2014-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4048278/ /pubmed/24905454 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098738 Text en © 2014 Midorikawa et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Midorikawa, Keiko
Kuroda, Masaharu
Terauchi, Kaede
Hoshi, Masako
Ikenaga, Sachiko
Ishimaru, Yoshiro
Abe, Keiko
Asakura, Tomiko
Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm
title Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm
title_full Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm
title_fullStr Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm
title_full_unstemmed Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm
title_short Additional Nitrogen Fertilization at Heading Time of Rice Down-Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Seed Endosperm
title_sort additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time of rice down-regulates cellulose synthesis in seed endosperm
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048278/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905454
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098738
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