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Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease
Immunotherapy might provide an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A unique feature of AD immunotherapies is that an immune response against a self-antigen needs to be elicited without causing adverse autoimmune reactions. Current research is focused on two possible targets in this reg...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4051350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926455 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S31428 |
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author | Lambracht-Washington, Doris Rosenberg, Roger N |
author_facet | Lambracht-Washington, Doris Rosenberg, Roger N |
author_sort | Lambracht-Washington, Doris |
collection | PubMed |
description | Immunotherapy might provide an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A unique feature of AD immunotherapies is that an immune response against a self-antigen needs to be elicited without causing adverse autoimmune reactions. Current research is focused on two possible targets in this regard. One is the inhibition of accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ42), which is one of the major peptides found in senile plaques, and the second target is hyperphosphorylated tau, which forms neurofibrillary tangles inside the nerve cell and shows association with the progression of dementia. Mouse models have shown that immunotherapy targeting Aβ42 as well as tau with the respective anti-Aβ or anti-tau antibodies can provide significant improvements in these mice. While anti-Aβ immunotherapy (active and passive immunizations) is already in several stages of clinical trials, tau-based immunizations have been analyzed only in mouse models. Recently, as a significant correlation of progression of dementia and levels of phosphorylated tau have been found, high interest has again focused on further development of tau-based therapies. While Aβ immunotherapy might delay the onset of AD, immunotherapy targeting tau might provide benefits in later stages of this disease. Last but not least, targeting Aβ and tau simultaneously with immunotherapy might provide additional therapeutic effects, as these two pathologies are likely synergistic; this is an approach that has not been tested yet. In this review, we will summarize animal models used to test possible therapies for AD, some of the facts about Aβ42 and tau biology, and present an overview on halted, ongoing, and upcoming clinical trials together with ongoing preclinical studies targeting tau or Aβ42. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4051350 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Dove Medical Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40513502014-06-10 Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease Lambracht-Washington, Doris Rosenberg, Roger N Immunotargets Ther Review Immunotherapy might provide an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A unique feature of AD immunotherapies is that an immune response against a self-antigen needs to be elicited without causing adverse autoimmune reactions. Current research is focused on two possible targets in this regard. One is the inhibition of accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ42), which is one of the major peptides found in senile plaques, and the second target is hyperphosphorylated tau, which forms neurofibrillary tangles inside the nerve cell and shows association with the progression of dementia. Mouse models have shown that immunotherapy targeting Aβ42 as well as tau with the respective anti-Aβ or anti-tau antibodies can provide significant improvements in these mice. While anti-Aβ immunotherapy (active and passive immunizations) is already in several stages of clinical trials, tau-based immunizations have been analyzed only in mouse models. Recently, as a significant correlation of progression of dementia and levels of phosphorylated tau have been found, high interest has again focused on further development of tau-based therapies. While Aβ immunotherapy might delay the onset of AD, immunotherapy targeting tau might provide benefits in later stages of this disease. Last but not least, targeting Aβ and tau simultaneously with immunotherapy might provide additional therapeutic effects, as these two pathologies are likely synergistic; this is an approach that has not been tested yet. In this review, we will summarize animal models used to test possible therapies for AD, some of the facts about Aβ42 and tau biology, and present an overview on halted, ongoing, and upcoming clinical trials together with ongoing preclinical studies targeting tau or Aβ42. Dove Medical Press 2013-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4051350/ /pubmed/24926455 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S31428 Text en © 2013 Lambracht-Washington and Rosenberg. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Ltd, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd, provided the work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Review Lambracht-Washington, Doris Rosenberg, Roger N Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease |
title | Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease |
title_full | Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease |
title_fullStr | Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease |
title_short | Anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease |
title_sort | anti-amyloid-beta to tau-based immunization: developments in immunotherapy for alzheimer’s disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4051350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926455 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S31428 |
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